Inter- and Intraspecific Resistance Variability in Myrobalan Plum, Peach, and Peach-Almond Rootstock Using 22 Root-knot Nematode Populations

Summary Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) Meloidogyne spp. cause major damage to cultivated woody plants. Among them, Prunus, grapevine and coffee are the crops most infested by worldwide polyphagous species and species with a more limited distribution and/or narrower host range. The identification and characterization of natural sources of resistance are important steps to develop RKN control strategies. In woody crops, resistant rootstocks genetically different from the scion of agronomical interest may be engineered. We describe herein the interactions between RKNs and different woody crops, and highlight the plant species in which resistance and corresponding resistance (R) genes have been discovered. Even though grapevine and, to a lesser extent, coffee have a history of rootstock selection for RKN resistance, few cases of resistance have been documented. By contrast, in Prunus, R genes with different spectra have been mapped in plums, peach and almond and can be pyramided for durable resistance in interspecific rootstocks. We particularly discuss here the Ma Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor‐like‐nucleotide binding‐leucine‐rich repeat gene from Myrobalan plum, one of the longest plant R genes cloned to date, due to its unique biological and structural properties. RKN R genes in Prunus will enable us to carry out molecular studies aimed at improving our knowledge of plant immunity in woody plants.

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“… Numbers in brackets refer to the following references: 1, Esmenjaud et al . (); 2, Esmenjaud et al . (); 3, Khallouk et al .…”

Section: Resistance In the Genus Prunusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in woody plants

et al. 2016

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“…Mi-1 is also being studied with regard to its structure and function in regulating the resistance response (Hwang et al 2000;Hwang and Williamson 2003) and has been shown to bind and hydrolyse ATP (Tameling et al 2002). Unlike Mi-1 (Holtzmann 1965;Dropkin 1969;Roberts et al 1990; Kaloshian et al 1996;Williamson 1998), the expression of resistance by the Ma gene from Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera L.) is not affected by high temperatures (Esmenjaud et al 1996a) and no virulent population overcoming this resistance gene is yet known (Esmenjaud et al 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution mapping and chromosome landing at the root-knot nematode resistance locus Ma from Myrobalan plum using a large-insert BAC DNA library

Claverie¹,

Dirlewanger

Cosson

et al. 2004

Theor Appl Genet

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The Ma gene for root-knot nematode (RKN)resistance from Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera L.)confers a complete-spectrum and a heat-stable resistance to Meloidogvne spp., conversely to Mi-I from tomato,which has a more restricted spectrum and a reduced efficiency at high temperature. This gene was identified from a perennial self-incompatible near-wild rootstock species and lies in cosegregation with the SCAR marker SCAFLP2 on the Prunus linkage group 7 in a 2.3 cM interval between the SCAR SCAL19 and SSR pchgms6 markers. We initiated a map-based cloning of Ma and report here the strategy that rapidly led to fine mapping and direct chromosome landing at the locus. Three pairs of bulks, totaling 90 individuals from half-sibling progenies derived from the Ma-heterozygous resistant accession P.2175, were constructed using mapping data, and saturation of the Ma region was performed by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of 320 AFLP primer pair combinations. The closest three AFLP markers were transformed into codominant SCARs or CAPS designatedSCAFLP3, SCAFLP4 and SCAFLP5. By completing the mapping population up to 1,332 offspring from P.2175,Ma and SCAFLP2 were mapped in a 0.8 cM interval between SCAFLP3 and SCAFLP4. A large-insert bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA library of P.2175,totaling 30,720 clones with a mean insert size of 145 kb and a 14-15x Prunus haploid genome coverage was constructed and used to land on the Ma spanning interval with few BAC clones. As P.2175 is heterozygous for the gene, we constructed the resistant and susceptible physical contigs by PCR screening of the library with codominant markers. Additional microsatellite markers were then designed from BAC subcloning or BAC end sequencing. In the resistant contig, a single 280 kb BAC clone was shown to carry the Ma gene; this BAC contains two flanking markers on each side of the gene as well as two cosegregating markers. These results should allow future cloning of the Ma gene in this perennial species.

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“…Rosa multiflora and P. cerasifera have complementary host ranges. First, R. multiflora is a host for M. hapla, whereas P. cerasifera is not (Esmenjaud et al 1994b). Secondly, R. multiflora is resistant to all mitotic species, whereas P. cerasifera is susceptible to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

Wang

Jacob²,

Mastrantuono³

et al. 2004

Plant Breeding

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The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes.

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Inter- and Intraspecific Resistance Variability in Myrobalan Plum, Peach, and Peach-Almond Rootstock Using 22 Root-knot Nematode Populations

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Resistance to root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in woody plants

Resistance to root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in woody plants

High-resolution mapping and chromosome landing at the root-knot nematode resistance locus Ma from Myrobalan plum using a large-insert BAC DNA library

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

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