Integrative Effects of Rice-Straw Biochar and Silicon on Oil and Seed Quality, Yield and Physiological Traits of Helianthus annuus L. Grown under Water Deficit Stress

607

220

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.

Section: Effect Of Drought Stress On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Seleiman

Al-Suhaibani

Ali

et al. 2021

607

220

“…Furthermore, biochar includes considerable amounts of elements like Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and inorganic carbonates, which is valuable for plant development. Biochar can enhance soil health, soil permeability, and carbon sequestration [ 29 ]. It is stated that biochar could improve productivity by stimulating microbe activity in the rhizosphere and enhancing soil water holding capacity [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Wheat in Response to Single and Combined Salicylic Acid and Biochar Subjected to Limited Water Irrigation in Saline Sodic Soil

Hafez

Kheir

Badawy

et al. 2020

Given the expectancy of the water supply becoming scarce in the future and more expensive, water conservation during wheat production processes has become very crucial especially in saline sodic soil. Biochar and salicylic acid (SA) were used to assess the potential to alleviate the influences of depletion of available soil moisture (DAM) on physicochemical, physiological, biochemical attributes, as well as wheat production absorption (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Misr 1) and macro-elements. Two seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) of field trials were investigated using twelve combinations of three water treatments (50%, 70%, and 90% DAM) and foliar- and soil-applied treatments (control, biochar, salicylic acid, and biochar + SA). Biochar treated plots amplified soil physicochemical attributes, leading to improved physiological traits and antioxidant enzymes, as well as yield related traits under water limitation conditions in both years. Similarly, synergistic use of biochar and salicylic acid greatly augmented the designed characteristics such as chlorophyll a, b, K+ content, relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and intrinsic water use efficiency, whilst exhibited inhibitory effects on proline content, electrolyte leakage, Na+ content SOD, POX, CAT, and MDA, consequently increased 1000-grain weight, number of grains spike−1, grain yield, as well nutrient uptake (N, P, K) under water limitation condition in both years, followed by treatment of sole biochar or SA compared to unamended plots treatment (control). Wheat productivity achieved further increasing at 70% DAM alongside synergistic use of biochar and SA which was on par with 50% DAM under unamended plots (control). It is concluded from the findings that coupled application of biochar alongside salicylic acid accomplished an efficient approach to mitigate the injurious influences of water limitation, along with further improvement of the soil, physiology, biochemical attributes, and wheat yield, as well nutrient uptake, under saline sodic soil.

“…Silicon (Si) has been ranked in between essential and nonessential elements for plants because it is not necessary for the completion of a plant’s life cycle. However, it gives certain benefits to some plants under normal and stressful stress conditions [ 130 , 131 ]. Silicon is abundantly present in the earth’s crust; however, soil Si uptake by plants only occurs in the form of mono-silicic acid.…”

Section: Micronutrient (Zn Fe Mn Cu and Si) Nfs And Their Effementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicon is abundantly present in the earth’s crust; however, soil Si uptake by plants only occurs in the form of mono-silicic acid. Recently, significant attention has been given to Si due to its diverse role in plants against various stresses [ 131 ]. For instance, it has been documented that Si can play a substantial role in improving plant tolerance against heavy metal toxicity, as well as heat, water, and salinity stresses [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: Micronutrient (Zn Fe Mn Cu and Si) Nfs And Their Effementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, significant attention has been given to Si due to its diverse role in plants against various stresses [ 131 ]. For instance, it has been documented that Si can play a substantial role in improving plant tolerance against heavy metal toxicity, as well as heat, water, and salinity stresses [ 130 , 131 ]. Additionally, the application of SiO 2 with organic fertilizers has the potential to improve overall plant productivity [ 132 , 133 ].…”

Section: Micronutrient (Zn Fe Mn Cu and Si) Nfs And Their Effementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nano-Fertilization as an Emerging Fertilization Technique: Why Can Modern Agriculture Benefit from Its Use?

Seleiman

Almutairi

Alotaibi

et al. 2020

166

There is a need for a more innovative fertilizer approach that can increase the productivity of agricultural systems and be more environmentally friendly than synthetic fertilizers. In this article, we reviewed the recent development and potential benefits derived from the use of nanofertilizers (NFs) in modern agriculture. NFs have the potential to promote sustainable agriculture and increase overall crop productivity, mainly by increasing the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of field and greenhouse crops. NFs can release their nutrients at a slow and steady pace, either when applied alone or in combination with synthetic or organic fertilizers. They can release their nutrients in 40–50 days, while synthetic fertilizers do the same in 4–10 days. Moreover, NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, the advantages of NFs over synthetic fertilizers, as well as the different types of macro and micro NFs, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the application of NFs in smart sustainable agriculture and the role of NFs in the mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress on plants is presented. Though NF applications may have many benefits for sustainable agriculture, there are some concerns related to the release of nanoparticles (NPs) from NFs into the environment, with the subsequent detrimental effects that this could have on both human and animal health. Future research should explore green synthesized and biosynthesized NFs, their safe use, bioavailability, and toxicity concerns.