Integration of pressurized liquids and ultrasound in the extraction of bioactive compounds from passion fruit rinds: Impact on phenolic yield, extraction kinetics and technical-economic evaluation

Low-Frequency Ultrasound Coupled with High-Pressure Technologies: Impact of Hybridized Techniques on the Recovery of Phytochemical Compounds

“…For example, Viganó, Assis, Náthia-Neves, Santos, Meireles, Veggi, and Martínez [ 60 ] observed an increase in piceatannol yield of approximately 50% when PLE was coupled with ultrasound in the extraction from defatted passion fruit bagasse; however, the application of different nominal powers (240–640 W) did not affect the extraction yield. Similarly, Pereira, Zabot, Reyes, Iglesias, and Martínez [ 61 ] observed similar increase when the extraction was coupled with ultrasound (360 W/cm 2 ) in obtaining total phenolics from passion fruit rinds.…”

“…The authors concluded through chemical characterization and scanning electron microscopy analysis that the thermal effects of ultrasound caused improvement in the extraction kinetics of the hybrid process, corroborating with the thermal mechanism described in Section 2.3.1 and shown in Figure 2 . On the other hand, Pereira, Zabot, Reyes, Iglesias, and Martínez [ 61 ] observed the effect of ultrasound intensity in obtaining total phenolics from passion fruit peel; at 240 W/cm 2 , the yield was significantly lower than at 360 W/cm 2 ; however, 480 and 600 W/cm 2 did not differ from each other and with 360 W/cm 2 . The authors concluded that the power offered to the system needs to reach a minimum value sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic pressure at the probe tip, which they identified as 360 W/cm 2 for the adopted system.…”

The use of ultrasound in the South Cone region. Advances in organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods

“… It is possible to explain this behavior because the dry material has more porosity and the solvent diffusion rate could be higher. [158] Total phenolics Passion fruit rinds UAPLE ES: ethanol–water 70% v/v 3.0 g of fresh passion fruit 30 min 60 ◦C, 10 MPa and 360 W/cm2) with solvent flow rate of 10 g/min Penetration of the solvent into the pores of the plant improves mass transfer due to the disruption of cellular structures caused by cavitation [159] Phenolic and flavonoids compounds Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds UAE ES: 80% ethanol 20 g samples, 400 mL of solvent, Solid-solvent ratio (1:20), sonicated (USB) 30.8 kHz, 250 W/L (maximal power input density), 60 °C, 60 min Ultrasound is not always adequate to enhance the extraction yields due to the nature of the vegetal matrix. [160] Polyphenols and betalains Beet leaves UAE ES: water 20 g of sample and 200 mL of water sonicated (UP) for 30 min at 100 W 20 kHz [161] Poliphenols (Theobromine, chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, caffeine, and kaempferol) Yerba mate leaves UAE ES: ethanol 20 g of yerba mate leaves suspended in 200 mL of ethanol and twice-sonicated (UP) (750 W, 20 kHz, 95.2 μm, 25 °C, 10 min) Improved the mass transfer of analytes from the sample solution due to the formation of the high-frequency ultrasonic waves [162] Total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds Strawberry by-products UAE ES: methanol/water/ethanol-formic acid A mixture of ground sample plus the solvent (1:5 w/v) sonicated (40 kHz, 160 W) for 15 min (twice) Improved the mass transfer of analytes from the sample solution [163] Phenolic compounds Argentinean yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) UAE ES: ultra-pure water 5 g of sample with 50 mL of water (USB) sonicated for 30 min ------ [164] Organic acids and polyphenols Polish wine samples UASE-PMLS ES: EtAc/dichloromethane (1:1) 25 μL of wine sample, 1 mL of ES, sonicated (USB) 25 min ------ [165] …”

“…Undoubtedly, the most explored topic throughout the South Cone region is the extraction of polyphenols assisted by ultrasound. Table 1 shows 29 works from Chile [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , [146] , Uruguay [147] , [148] , Southern Brazil [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] and Argentina [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] reported during the last 10 years The most important aspects highlighted were that ultrasound helped and improved extraction procedures, reduced operational time, enhanced extraction yields and made it greener in comparison to traditional extraction methods, according to others publication [170] . Nevertheless, the use of ultrasound did not always improve the performance of an analytical procedure or showed an important benefit in an extraction process [140] , [160] , [171] , [172] , [173] .…”

A Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Analysis of Anthocyanins in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

“…Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been demonstrated to be an efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds from different natural sources, which includes blackberry, lavender, raspberry, pepper, walnut, onion or even purple potato [ 28 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. This is due to its many advantages, such as shorter extraction times, less solvent consumption and lower production costs with higher yields, reaching even twice the extraction yield, in comparison to conventional extraction techniques [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In addition, it is quite easy to apply, cost-effective and does not require complex maintenance operations [ 52 ].…”