“…In this study, the term "mobile devices" will refer to all types of smartphones, tablets, laptops and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), as defined by literature and researchers' definition (Arain, Hussain, Rizvi, & Vighio, 2017;Bradley et al, 2017;Levene & Seabury, 2015;Yeap, Ramayah, & Soto-Acosta, 2016). In addition to their small size, mobile devices provide many advantages, such as portability, accessibility, and usability, all of which support language learning (Aizezi, 2015;Burston, 2016;Viberg & Grönlund, 2012).…”