Integrating Behavior in Life-History Theory: Allocation versus Acquisition?

Laskowski, Kate L.; Moiron, Maria; Niemelä, Petri T.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.017

Cited by 77 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Whether through trait-mediated differences or chance, two individuals in a wild population will never have equivalent amounts of assimilated energy with which to fuel their metabolism and contribute to somatic growth, and with which to invest in reproduction. The effects of differences in food availability among individuals are non-trivial: resource-dependent expression of life-history traits often exceeds the effect of evolved differences between locally-adapted populations (Felmy et al, 2021), and trait-dependent differences in assimilation rates can flip predictions about life-history evolution (Laskowski et al, 2021) and generate eco-evolutionary dynamics (Coulson, 2020). Understanding how and why individuals differ in rates of resource assimilation is central to understanding variation in demographic rates that underpin ecological and evolutionary dynamics in wild populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of ecological interactions (Bassar et al, 2016;Coulson, 2020;Griffiths et al, 2020;Laskowski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A central assumption of the physiological model – that individuals (of different sizes) experience the same environmental conditions (Marshall and White, 2019) – is unlikely to hold true in natural systems, with respect to a key environmental variable: food availability. In wild populations, individuals are rarely equal in their ability to accrue resources, and such differences can drive divergence in realised life histories, generate population dynamics, and determine the strength of ecological interactions (Bassar et al, 2016; Coulson, 2020; Griffiths et al, 2020; Laskowski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

Potter

Felmy

2021

Preprint

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In wild populations, large individuals have disproportionately higher reproductive output than smaller individuals. We suggest an ecological explanation for this observation: asymmetry within populations in rates of resource assimilation, where greater assimilation causes both increased reproduction and body size. We assessed how the relationship between size and reproduction differs between wild and lab-reared Trinidadian guppies. We show that (i) reproduction increased disproportionately with body size in the wild but not in the lab, where effects of resource competition were eliminated; (ii) in the wild, the scaling exponent was greatest during the wet season, when resource competition is strongest; and (iii) detection of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction is inevitable if individual differences in assimilation are ignored. We propose that variation among individuals in assimilation - caused by size-dependent resource competition, niche expansion, and chance - can explain patterns of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction in natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of ecological interactions (Bassar et al, 2016;Coulson, 2020;Griffiths et al, 2020;Laskowski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

Potter

Felmy

2021

Preprint

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“…Organisms have limited amounts of time, energy, and resources at their disposal, that need to be allocated among competing demands. This leads to well-documented tradeoffs between different life history domains, most notably investing in survival (i.e., growth, self-maintenance, and immunity) or reproduction (i.e., short-term mating and competition vs. long-term mating and parenting) (Krams et al, 2019;Luoto et al, 2019;Laskowski et al, 2020;Lauringson et al, 2020;Rubika et al, 2020).…”

Section: Sexual Selection For Eveningness and Fast Life History Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

et al. 2021

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Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche. The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species. Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-taking, and sociability (because of security in numbers). During night-time, individuals are generally tired and show decreased self-control and increased impulsive behaviors. The lower visibility during night-time favors the partial concealment of identity and opens more opportunities for disinhibition of self-interested behaviors. Indeed, individuals with an evening-oriented chronotype are more paranoid, risk-taking, extraverted, impulsive, promiscuous, and have higher antisocial personality traits. However, under some circumstances, such as respiratory pandemics, the psychobehavioral traits favored by the nocturnal niche might be counter-productive, increasing contagion rates of a disease that can evade the behavioral immune system because its disease cues are often nonexistent or mild. The eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis presented here suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the evening-oriented psychobehavioral profile can have collectively harmful consequences: there is a clash of core tendencies between the nocturnal chronotype and the recent viral transmission-mitigating safety guidelines and rules. The pandemic safety protocols disrupt much normal social activity, particularly at night when making new social contacts is desired. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious even in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which enables it to mostly evade our evolved contagious disease avoidance mechanisms. A growing body of research has indirectly shown that individual traits interfering with social distancing and anti-contagion measures are related to those of the nocturnal chronotype. Indeed, some of the social contexts that have been identified as superspreading events occur at night, such as in restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Furthermore, nocturnal environmental conditions favor the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus much longer than daytime conditions. We compare the eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis with other factors related to non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, namely sex, age, and life history. Although there is not yet a direct link between the nocturnal chronotype and non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, security measures and future empirical research should take this crucial evolutionary mismatch and adaptive metaproblem into account, and focus on how to avoid nocturnal individuals becoming superspreaders, offering secure alternatives for nocturnal social activities.

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“…Proposed correlations of life-history productivity and behaviour are built on an assumption that behaviours underly acquisition of resources (Biro and Stamps, 2008;Réale et al, 2010), though alternative allocation models may instead predict negative correlations due to energetic costs (Careau et al, 2008). These two factors are likely to be in balance (Laskowski et al, 2020), but as fish were fed routinely and were non-constrained by resources, the significance of activity to acquisition may have been dissociated.…”

Section: No Effect Of Juvenile Predator Cues On Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and olfactory cues of predation affect body and brain growth in the guppy

Mitchell¹,

Lefèvre²,

Vega‐Trejo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1.Phenotypic plasticity requires animals to acquire reliable environmental information. When multiple sources of information agree, cues should be perceived as reliable and induce a relatively strong response. Conversely, where stimuli conflict, animals must weigh the accuracy of the sources of information and responses should be reduced. 2.Availability of reliable information is often considered a limitation on plasticity, yet how animals integrate seemingly contradictory or incomplete information remains enigmatic, as empirical tests are scarce. 3.We tested how incomplete information determines phenotypic plasticity by simulating predation risk during early ontogeny of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We exposed guppy fry to a combination of visual and/or olfactory cues of the predatory pike cichlid (Crenicichla alta), and monitored growth of the body and brain. After five weeks of exposure, guppies were returned to common no-risk conditions and their activity rates were monitored for four weeks post-treatment. 4.Visual predator exposure more strongly affected development; reducing body size of adult males and increasing brain size in females. However, there was little evidence for the hypothesised additive effect, with the combined treatment not inducing a larger effect than when only receiving olfactory or visual treatments. 5.While there was consistent individual variation in activity rates, this was unaffected by developmental risk and uncorrelated with the growth parameters. 6.Our results demonstrate the differential reliability of cues during development. Visual exposure to a predator was a highly reliable environmental cue, while environmental certainty was unaffected by combined stimuli.

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Integrating Behavior in Life-History Theory: Allocation versus Acquisition?

Cited by 77 publications

References 55 publications

An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

An ecological explanation for hyperallometric scaling of reproduction

COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

Visual and olfactory cues of predation affect body and brain growth in the guppy

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