Integrated control of an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus by applying Metarhizium anisopliae associated with cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos under field conditions

Webster, Anelise; Reck, José; Santi, Lucélia; Souza, Ugo Araújo; Dall’Agnol, Bruno; Klafke, Guilherme Marcondes; Beys‐da‐Silva, Walter O.; Martins, João Ricardo; Schrank, Augusto

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.11.021

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…To this end, a deep survey of BGCs was performed in the M. anisopliae genome and combined with a transcriptional profile analysis from an infection model in the economically important cattle-tick R. microplus , which is responsible for a variety of livestock infections and is a promising candidate for biological control by Metarhizium [86–89]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model

Sbaraini

Guedes²,

Andreis

et al. 2016

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundThe described species from the Metarhizium genus are cosmopolitan fungi that infect arthropod hosts. Interestingly, while some species infect a wide range of hosts (host-generalists), other species infect only a few arthropods (host-specialists). This singular evolutionary trait permits unique comparisons to determine how pathogens and virulence determinants emerge. Among the several virulence determinants that have been described, secondary metabolites (SMs) are suggested to play essential roles during fungal infection. Despite progress in the study of pathogen-host relationships, the majority of genes related to SM production in Metarhizium spp. are uncharacterized, and little is known about their genomic organization, expression and regulation. To better understand how infection conditions may affect SM production in Metarhizium anisopliae, we have performed a deep survey and description of SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in M. anisopliae, analyzed RNA-seq data from fungi grown on cattle-tick cuticles, evaluated the differential expression of BGCs, and assessed conservation among the Metarhizium genus. Furthermore, our analysis extended to the construction of a phylogeny for the following three BGCs: a tropolone/citrinin-related compound (MaPKS1), a pseurotin-related compound (MaNRPS-PKS2), and a putative helvolic acid (MaTERP1).ResultsAmong 73 BGCs identified in M. anisopliae, 20 % were up-regulated during initial tick cuticle infection and presumably possess virulence-related roles. These up-regulated BGCs include known clusters, such as destruxin, NG39x and ferricrocin, together with putative helvolic acid and, pseurotin and tropolone/citrinin-related compound clusters as well as uncharacterized clusters. Furthermore, several previously characterized and putative BGCs were silent or down-regulated in initial infection conditions, indicating minor participation over the course of infection.Interestingly, several up-regulated BGCs were not conserved in host-specialist species from the Metarhizium genus, indicating differences in the metabolic strategies employed by generalist and specialist species to overcome and kill their host. These differences in metabolic potential may have been partially shaped by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, as our phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that the putative helvolic acid cluster in Metarhizium spp. originated from an HGT event.ConclusionsSeveral unknown BGCs are described, and aspects of their organization, regulation and origin are discussed, providing further support for the impact of SM on the Metarhizium genus lifestyle and infection process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3067-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model

Sbaraini

Guedes²,

Andreis

et al. 2016

BMC Genomics

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“…High mortality rates were observed when deltamethrin was associated with the entomopathogen. The potential utilization of associated chemical acaricides with biological agents could stimulate the use and consolidation of biological control for animal parasites among farmers and practitioners (Webster et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Integrated Tick Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

2017

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Infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, constitute the most important ectoparasite problem for cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. The control of R. microplus is mostly based on the use of conventional acaricides and macrocyclic lactones. However, the intensive use of such compounds has resulted in tick populations that exhibit resistance to all major acaricide chemical classes. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative approaches, possibly including the use of animal husbandry practices, synergized pesticides, rotation of acaricides, pesticide mixture formulations, manual removal of ticks, selection for host resistance, nutritional management, release of sterile male hybrids, environmental management, plant species that are unfavourable to ticks, pasture management, plant extracts, essential oils and vaccination. Integrated tick management consists of the systematic combination of at least two control technologies aiming to reduce selection pressure in favour of acaricide-resistant individuals, while maintaining adequate levels of animal production. The purpose of this paper is to present a current review on conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance for better understanding and control of resistant ticks with particular emphasis on R. microplus on cattle.

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“…As infestações, causadas por R. microplus, podem ocasionar grandes prejuízos econômicos, além de danos à saúde dos animais, uma vez que cada fêmea suga até 3 mL de sangue durante sua vida (FURLONG, 1993). Em grandes infestações, o volume de sangue retirado pode ocasionar anemia, anorexia, alterações hemostáticas, emagrecimento e apatia, levando a perdas significativas na produção de leite, carne e couro, podendo, até mesmo levar o animal à morte (JONSSON et al, 2006;RECK et al, 2009;WEBSTER et al, 2015). Além disso, a picada do carrapato pode causar inflamações e infecções secundárias.…”

Section: O Carrapato Rhipicephalus Microplusunclassified

“…Assim, estudos que visem à utilização de práticas alternativas de controle têm se tornado comuns em função dos problemas relacionados aos métodos químicos tradicionais. O uso de inimigos naturais, extratos vegetais, vacinas ou associações com acaricidas químicos vem sendo avaliado (SAMISH; REHACEK,1999;WEBSTER et al, 2015).…”

Section: Controle Químicounclassified

Métodos alternativos e sustentáveis de controle do carrapato bovino Rhipicephalus microplus

Vargas

Fiorio

Wortmann

et al. 2020

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A aplicação de acaricidas químicos tem sido a prática mais utilizada no controle do carrapato bovino Rhipicephalus microplus. Atualmente, essa estratégia de controle está apresentando uma eficácia limitada em populações específicas de carrapatos encontradas no ambiente de produção pecuária. Essa limitação está ligada principalmente ao desenvolvimento da resistência pelo uso extensivo de acaricidas químicos. Alternativas de manejo, combinando diferentes métodos ou empregando biocontroladores fúngicos, podem contribuir para melhorar o quadro atual. Em termos de pesquisa, o uso de biocontroladores apresenta grande potencial, sendo uma alternativa orgânica para o controle do carrapato. Nesta revisão, os aspectos gerais e atuais, relacionados ao controle do carrapato, são abordados, bem como a potencialidade e eficiência de métodos de menor impacto ambiental, os quais não são mais uma alternativa, mas uma necessidade imediata.

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Integrated control of an acaricide-resistant strain of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus by applying Metarhizium anisopliae associated with cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos under field conditions

Cited by 45 publications

References 59 publications

Secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model

Secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model

Strategies for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in a world of conventional acaricide and macrocyclic lactone resistance

Métodos alternativos e sustentáveis de controle do carrapato bovino Rhipicephalus microplus

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