“…Generally, they can be divided into two categories: dependent‐calibration with the aid of external devices or sensors [16–21] and self‐calibration based on the error model of the magnetometer [22–25]. Dependent calibrations usually utilise the reference information from external instrument such as gyroscope [16, 17, 20], 3D Helmholtz coil [18, 19], intermediate quaternion estimation by inertial fusion [21], and turntable [26]. They can achieve better performance, but the calibration process is at risk of failure when the external devices or sensors are out of order.…”