Integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics in girls with central precocious puberty

Abstract

BackgroundCentral precocious puberty (CPP) is a multifactorial and complex condition. Traditional studies focusing on a single indicator cannot always elucidate this panoramic condition but these may be revealed by using omics techniques.ObjectiveProteomics and metabolomics analysis of girls with CPP were compared to normal controls and the potential biomarkers and pathways involved were explored.MethodsSerum proteins and metabolites from normal girls and those with CPP were compared by LC-MS/MS. Multivariate and univariate statistical analysis were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using GO and KEGG databases, and candidate markers were screened. Finally, bioinformatic analysis was used to integrate the results of proteomics and metabolomics to find the key differential proteins, metabolites and potential biomarkers of CPP.Results134 DEPs were identified in girls with CPP with 71 up- and 63 down-regulated, respectively. Up-regulated proteins were enriched mainly in the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cellular protein metabolic processes, platelet degranulation and skeletal system development. The down-regulated proteins were mainly enriched in the immune response. Candidate proteins including MMP9, TIMP1, SPP1, CDC42, POSTN, COL1A1, COL6A1, COL2A1 and BMP1, were found that may be related to pubertal development. 103 DEMs were identified, including 42 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated metabolites which were mainly enriched in lipid and taurine metabolic pathways. KGML network analysis showed that phosphocholine (16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) was involved in arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid metabolism and it may be used as a biomarker of CPP.ConclusionsOur study is the first to integrate proteomics and metabolomics to analyze the serum of girls with CPP and we found some key differential proteins and metabolites as well as a potential biomarker for this condition. Lipid metabolism pathways are involved and these may provide a key direction to further explore the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of CPP.

Organic metal chalcogenide-assisted metabolic molecular diagnosis of central precocious puberty

“…These metabolites may participate in the formation of CPP by being involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, suggesting that the CPP required additional energy for enhanced energy metabolism. 45 In addition, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) together with glutathione, arachidonic acid, and 15-hydroperoxy-(5 Z ,8 Z ,11 Z ,13 E )-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) is involved in arachidonic metabolism, as shown by metabolic pathway enrichment analysis in Fig. S19, † which can in turn promote the production of prostaglandins.…”

Multi-omic analysis of precocious puberty girls: pathway changes and metabolite validation

“…Li et al. also reported that their identified DEMs in the sera of CPP girls were mainly involved in lipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism ( 18 ). More importantly, endocrine disruptors were reported to disrupt puberty, hormone sensitivity, and metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, and triglycerides in neonatal mice ( 25 ).…”

“…Li et al. performed analysis of proteomics and metabolomics in girls with CPP and found some key differential proteins and metabolites, including MMP9, SPP1, CDC42, POSTN, COL1A1, BMP1, and phosphocholine (16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) ( 18 ). Huang et al.…”

Gut microbiota-metabolite interactions meditate the effect of dietary patterns on precocious puberty

“…These findings emphasized the potential influence of amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism on the process of precocious puberty, consistent with previous studies. 40 , 41 …”