Intake of aflatoxins through the consumption of peanut products in Brazil

Abstract

To estimate daily intake of aflatoxins from peanut products consumed by the population of Paraná State (Brazil), 100 samples of peanut products were collected between July 2006 and April 2007. Aflatoxins were determined by an HPLC method with fluorescence detection. There was a 50% occurrence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 113 ng g(-1), with 13 samples with levels above 20 ng g(-1). Intake was calculated for average and high adult consumers of peanut products and it was compared with provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). The estimated probable daily intake (PDI) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) varied from 0.6 to 10.4 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1), exceeding the PMTDI of 0.4 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) for carriers of hepatitis B virus.

Assessment of aflatoxin exposure using serum and urinary biomarkers in São Paulo, Brazil: A pilot study

“…No sample had AFB 1 or AFM 1 above the tolerance limits established by Brazilian regulations for peanut, corn or dairy products (Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária, 2011). Peanuts products showed the highest values for AFB 1 contamination when compared with the other samples analyzed, which is in agreement with previous reports on the incidence of aflatoxins in those products (Jager et al, 2014;Magrine et al, 2011). Corn flour had the lowest AFB 1 mean concentration among corn products, but with the highest incidence of positive samples (>60%).…”

“…Mean PDI varied among different sampling times, ranging from 0.09 ± 0.09 to 1.35 ± 5.98 ng/kg b.w./day, which are similar to data reported previously in the States of Paraná (Magrine et al, 2011) and São Paulo (Jager et al, 2013). There is no consensus for tolerable daily intake of AFB 1 or AFM 1 .…”

“…The occurrence of aflatoxins in Brazilian foodstuffs has been frequently reported, mainly in peanut and corn products at variable levels and incidences from up to 50% of the samples analyzed (Magrine et al, 2011;Ono et al, 2010;Rodriguez-Amaya and Sabino, 2002). High incidences of AFM 1 in fluid milk have also been described, but at levels usually below the limit (0.50 g/L) established by Brazilian regulations (Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária, 2011).…”

“…High incidences of AFM 1 in fluid milk have also been described, but at levels usually below the limit (0.50 g/L) established by Brazilian regulations (Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária, 2011). Assessment of aflatoxin intake by Brazilian population has been usually estimated in terms of probable daily intake (PDI) by analyzing the occurrence of AFB 1 in food products and the consumption data (Magrine et al, 2011;Jager et al, 2013). However, the human exposure to dietary aflatoxins by the biomarker approach have been assessed in only three studies conducted in the State of São Paulo, two describing the excretion of AFM 1 in human urine at levels ranging from 1.8 to 39.9 pg/mL (Romero et al, 2010) and from 0.19 to 12.7 pg/mg creatinine (Jager et al, 2014), and one reporting the AFB 1 -albumin adduct in blood samples in concentrations ranging from up to 57.3 pg/mg albumin (Scussel et al, 2006).…”

Aflatoxin B1 residues in human livers and their relationship with markers of hepatic carcinogenesis in São Paulo, Brazil

“…In the present study, HCC, VC, and AC liver specimens from patients autopsied in São Paulo showed detectable levels of AFB 1 residues. Previous studies demonstrated that, in general, levels of aflatoxin reported in foodstuffs commercialized in Brazil [ 25 , 26 ] complied with the limits determined by local regulations [ 4 ]. Studies on biomarkers of AFB 1 exposure in urine [ 27 , 28 ] and serum [ 29 ] in individuals from the state of São Paulo corroborate these findings, as they indicated low exposure to the toxin in foodstuffs.…”