Insulin resistance induced by antiretroviral drugs: Current understanding of molecular mechanisms

Ismail, Wan Iryani Wan; King, Judy A.; Pillay, Tahir S

doi:10.1080/22201009.2009.10872209

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The activation of Akt through its translocation to the membrane is directly assisted by PIP 3 via the pleckstrin homology domain. Akt has an important and central role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as it is a major target in PI3-K activities, directly associating upstream insulin signalling with Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation [ 17 ]. Metabolic enzymes like glycogen synthase kinase 3 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase are regulated by Akt activation—apart from it stimulating the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane from the intracellular storage compartment, in order to take up the ingested extracellular glucose ( Figure 1 ) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Insulin-signalling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Roles ofStevia rebaudianaBertoni in Abrogating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: A Review

Mohd-Radzman

Ismail

Adam

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Insulin resistance is a key factor in metabolic disorders like hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are promoted by obesity and may later lead to Type II diabetes mellitus. In recent years, researchers have identified links between insulin resistance and many noncommunicable illnesses other than diabetes. Hence, studying insulin resistance is of particular importance in unravelling the pathways employed by such diseases. In this review, mechanisms involving free fatty acids, adipocytokines such as TNFα and PPARγ and serine kinases like JNK and IKKβ, asserted to be responsible in the development of insulin resistance, will be discussed. Suggested mechanisms for actions in normal and disrupted states were also visualised in several manually constructed diagrams to capture an overall view of the insulin-signalling pathway and its related components. The underlying constituents of medicinal significance found in the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant (among other plants that potentiate antihyperglycemic activities) were explored in further depth. Understanding these factors and their mechanisms may be essential for comprehending the progression of insulin resistance towards the development of diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Insulin-signalling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Roles ofStevia rebaudianaBertoni in Abrogating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: A Review

Mohd-Radzman

Ismail

Adam

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…IR occurs when normal insulin levels are no sufficient to stimulate glucose uptake in the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-sensitive tissues such as muscle, liver, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Following manifestations such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and dislipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia) are seen in patients with protease inhibitors [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Effect of Swertia Chirata Leaf Extract on Indinavir Treated Rats

Rajesh

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…The cytokine induces activation of serine kinases such as JNK and IKK, which serine phosphorylates IRS-1. The increased concentration of phosphorylated IRS-1 inhibits the insulin receptor, thus causing insulin resistance [ 75 ].…”

Section: Protease Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Mohan

Ghazi

Chuturgoon

2021

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a non-communicable disease characterised by a cluster of metabolic irregularities. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) usage is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to look at biochemical mechanisms and epigenetic modifications associated with HIV, ARVs, and MetS. More specifically, emphasis was placed on mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, lipodystrophy, and dyslipidaemia. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction was the most common mechanism that induced metabolic complications. Our findings suggest that protease inhibitors (PIs) are more commonly implicated in MetS-related effects than other classes of ARVs. Furthermore, we highlight epigenetic studies linking HIV and ARV usage to MetS and stress the need for more studies, as the current literature remains limited despite the advancement in and popularity of epigenetics.

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Insulin resistance induced by antiretroviral drugs: Current understanding of molecular mechanisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Potential Roles ofStevia rebaudianaBertoni in Abrogating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: A Review

Potential Roles ofStevia rebaudianaBertoni in Abrogating Insulin Resistance and Diabetes: A Review

Comparative Study of Effect of Swertia Chirata Leaf Extract on Indinavir Treated Rats

A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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