Insulin receptor binding increased by high carbohydrate low fat diet in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics

Ward, Glenn; Simpson, R. W.; Simpson, H.C.R.; Naylor, B. A.; Mann, Jim; Turner, R. Elaine

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1982.tb00944.x

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In a crossover study using low (control) and high carbohydrate diets, Ward et al (1982) found greater monocyte insulin receptor binding after the high carbohydrate diet compared with the control period. Hjollund et al carried out intravenous insulin tolerance tests in people with T2DM and found that in vivo insulin action (expressed as a rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance) had increased in the group receiving a low-fat, high-starch, highfibre diet compared with baseline, while no change had occurred in the control group.…”

Section: Short-and Medium-term Dietary Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes

2004

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This review examines the evidence for the role of whole grain foods and legumes in the aetiology and management of diabetes. MedLine and SilverPlatter ('Nutrition' and 'Food Science FSTA') databases were searched to identify epidemiological and experimental studies relating to the effects of whole grain foods and legumes on indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. Epidemiological studies strongly support the suggestion that high intakes of whole grain foods protect against the development of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). People who consume B3 servings per day of whole grain foods are less likely to develop T2DM than low consumers (o3 servings per week) with a risk reduction in the order of 20-30%. The role of legumes in the prevention of diabetes is less clear, possibly because of the relatively low intake of leguminous foods in the populations studied. However, legumes share several qualities with whole grains of potential benefit to glycaemic control including slow release carbohydrate and a high fibre content. A substantial increase in dietary intake of legumes as replacement food for more rapidly digested carbohydrate might therefore be expected to improve glycaemic control and thus reduce incident diabetes. This is consistent with the results of dietary intervention studies that have found improvements in glycaemic control after increasing the dietary intake of whole grain foods, legumes, vegetables and fruit. The benefit has been attributed to an increase in soluble fibre intake. However, prospective studies have found that soluble fibre intake is not associated with a lower incidence of T2DM. On the contrary, it is cereal fibre that is largely insoluble that is associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM. Despite this, the addition of wheat bran to the diets of diabetic people has not improved indicators of glycaemic control. These apparently contradictory findings might be explained by metabolic studies that have indicated improvement in glucose handling is associated with the intact structure of food. For both grains and legumes, fine grinding disrupts cell structures and renders starch more readily accessible for digestion. The extent to which the intact structure of grains and legumes or the composition of foods in terms of dietary fibre and other constituents contribute to the beneficial effect remains to be quantified. Other mechanisms to help explain improvements in glycaemic control when consuming whole grains and legumes relate to cooking, type of starch, satiety and nutrient retention. Thus, there is strong evidence to suggest that eating a variety of whole grain foods and legumes is beneficial in the prevention and management of diabetes. This is compatible with advice from around the world that recommends consumption of a wide range of carbohydrate foods from cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits both for the general population and for people with diabetes.

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Section: Short-and Medium-term Dietary Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes

2004

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“…These acute effects cannot be ascribed to increased insulin sensitivity but may be due to the slowed rate of intestinal transit and an attenuated stimulus; however, the observation in some studies that chronic ingestion of fiber is associated with lower basal glucose levels and decreased urinary excretion of C-peptide (60,61) suggest an increase in insulin sensitivity or a decreased demand for insulin. Indeed, in the studies where this has been examined (62)(63)(64), an increase in insulin binding to monocyte receptors for insulin has been found. This effect may clearly have some importance in the obese patient.…”

Section: Physiologic Effects Of Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber in Management of Diabetes

1988

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Current evidence suggests that high-fiber diets, especially of the soluble variety, and soluble fiber supplements may offer some improvement in carbohydrate metabolism, lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and have other beneficial effects in patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diets enriched with wheat bran and guar gum induce 10-20% reductions in serum cholesterol and LDL in both normoand hypercholesterolemic subjects and have the ability to blunt the hypertriglyceridemic effects of diets high in carbohydrate and low in fiber. In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) the situation is less clear, but a decrement of the circadian glucose profile has been shown. Americans, in general, consume too little fiber. With the need to restrict fat and reduce protein, an increase in carbohydrates is mandatory. A practical goal would be to establish the present level of fiber intake (15-30 g/day) and to gradually increase it. An intake of up to 40 g of fiber per day or 25 g/1000 kcal of food intake appears beneficial; in many individuals on weight-reducing diets higher levels may be unacceptable because of gastrointestinal side effects. The level of maximum benefit has not been determined. Fiber supplementation appears beneficial only if given with a diet comprising approximately half of the calories as carbohydrate. Foods should be selected with moderate to high amounts of dietary fiber from a wide variety of choices to include both soluble and insoluble types of fiber. Insufficient data are available on the long-term safety of high-fiber supplements. People at risk for deficiencies, such as postmenopausal women, the

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“…1980). This may be related to the prior dietary therapy of the diabetics in our study, which included caloric restriction and high carbohydrate/high fibre content (55% carbohydrate), both shown to ameliorate the binding defect in diabetes (Beck-Neilsen, 1980;Ward, 1982). When all the subject groups had been on standardized LC diets (40% carbohydrate) for 6 d, the diabetics showed lower insulin binding ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Abnormal Dietary Regulation of Erythrocyte Insulin Receptor Affinity in Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Ward

Naylor

Sargent

1984

Clinical Endocrinology

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Decreased insulin binding to receptors is associated with the insulin resistance of obese and non-obese non-insulin-dependent diabetics. 'Down Regulation' by elevated insulin levels has been suggested as the cause, but factors influencing receptor affinity have not been examined. To investigate the control of receptors in diabetes, 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetics and 10 normal subjects were studied after 6 d on low and 6 d on high calorie diets of fixed composition (700 and 2800 Kcal/70 kg of ideal body weight). The binding of insulin by erythrocytes of non-diabetics, as predicted, increased on the low and decreased on the high calorie diets, due to altered affinity. In contrast, the binding in the diabetics did not change significantly, and the responses to the low and high calorie diets were less than in the normal subjects (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively). Indeed, the insulin binding in all 5 non-obese diabetics changed in the opposite direction (P less than 0.01) to the non-diabetics, whereas the obese diabetics showed a mixed response. The changes in receptor binding in the diabetics was completely unrelated to the diurnal plasma insulin levels during 24 h studies. We conclude that the dietary regulation of erythrocyte insulin receptor affinity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes is abnormal, and insulin receptor affinity is regulated by factors other than insulin. The relation of this abnormality to the insulin resistance needs further investigation.

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Insulin receptor binding increased by high carbohydrate low fat diet in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes

Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes

Dietary Fiber in Management of Diabetes

Abnormal Dietary Regulation of Erythrocyte Insulin Receptor Affinity in Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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