Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II Peptide and Messenger RNA Levels in Macrosomic Infants of Diabetic Pregnancies

Roth, Steven; Abernathy, Mary Pell; Lee, Wei Hua; Pratt, Linda; Denne, Scott C.; Golichowski, Alan M.; Pescovitz, Ora Hirsch

doi:10.1177/107155769600300207

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Growth-restricted infants had decreased IGF-I and increased IGFBP-I (decreasing the availability of free IGF-I) compared with a control group. Supporting this concept, Roth et al [47] have reported increased IGF-I concentrations in macrosomic infants compared with a control group. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between cord IGF-I concentrations and birth weight (r 2 = 0.61).…”

Section: Potential Role For Growth Factors In Determining Fetal Body mentioning

confidence: 90%

Maternal factors that determine neonatal size and body fat

Catalano

Kirwan

2001

Curr Diab Rep

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These data are a review of previously published data. Initially, body composition was estimated in 186 neonates. Fat- free mass (FFM), which constituted 86% of birth weight, accounted for 83% of the variance in birth weight; fat mass (FM), which constituted 14% of birth weight, accounted for 46% of the variance in birth weight. Male neonates were an average of 175 g heavier than females. FFM was greater among males compared with females (P = 0.0001). Using stepwise logistic regression, 29% of the variance in birth weight, 30% in FFM, and 17% in FM was accounted for. Independent variables included maternal height, pregravid weight, weight gain during pregnancy, education, parity, paternal height and weight, neonatal sex, and gestational age. Including maternal insulin sensitivity explained 48% of the variance in birth weight, 53% in FFM, and 46% in FM. There was a positive correlation between weight gain and birth weight in control subjects but a negative correlation in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus. Lastly, the roles of insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and leptin were examined in relation to fetoplacental growth and body composition. The assessment of fetal/neonatal body composition may improve the understanding of the effect of differential factors on fetal growth. Factors associated with accretion of fetal adipose tissue in late gestation are less well understood compared with birth weight and FFM. Additional studies of maternal glucose and lipid metabolism are needed to better evaluate fetal growth.

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Section: Potential Role For Growth Factors In Determining Fetal Body mentioning

confidence: 90%

Maternal factors that determine neonatal size and body fat

Catalano

Kirwan

2001

Curr Diab Rep

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“…Physiologically, insulin as the mediator of this nutritional effect directly influences circulating IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations in the fetus [30]. Fetal hyperinsulinism due to a permanent hyperglycemia of the mother (badly controlled diabetes) induces an increase of IGF-I expression which is measurable in cord blood of these macrosomic newborns [31]. In insulin deficiency, the fetus exhibits growth retardation, muscle wastage and reduced body fat as well as significantly reduced IGF-I concentrations.…”

Section: Insulin-like Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone and Growth Factors during Perinatal Life

Wollmann

2000

Horm Res Paediatr

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Pituitary growth hormone (GH) is present in early pregnancy in the fetal circulation. The concentrations are higher than ever found during life, due to an unrestrained, basal secretion. GH receptors develop around midpregnancy, when they are present in low concentrations, and there is a rapid increase during the first months of life. The function of fetal GH – characterized by a nearly complete GH resistance – is largely unclear: there is only a small effect on longitudinal growth, and the regulation of growth factors is independent of GH. Possibly, metabolic effects of GH on fat and glucose metabolism and body composition are of greater importance. During the first months of life, the rapid fetal (GH-independent, nutrition-dependent) growth decelerates, a process that is partly compensated by the onset of GH-dependent longitudinal growth.

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“…Among the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), angiopoietins, placental growth factor (PlGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNFA), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1, IGF2) have been identified, of which TNFA can as well act in an angiostatic manner [24]. Most of them are altered in maternal diabetes mellitus [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The effect of these factors on the early processes in angiogenesis is unclear and awaits investigation.…”

Section: The Placenta In Early Diabetic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%