2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126434
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Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive carcinoma types worldwide, characterized by unfavorable curative effect and poor prognosis. Epidemiological data re-vealed that CRC risk is increased in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its serum components (e.g., hyperglycemia). High glycemic index diets, which chronically raise post-prandial blood glucose, may at least in part increase colon cancer risk via the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. However, the … Show more

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Cited by 54 publications
(30 citation statements)
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References 277 publications
(448 reference statements)
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“…IGF-1, IGFBP, and IGF-1R have been considered as important regulators in glucose metabolic homeostasis [ 20 , 21 ]. In our study, intestinal IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were elevated by 72.7% and 77.4% in diabetic mice compared to control ( Figure 5 A–C), and berberine treatment decreased intestinal IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 level by84.8%, 35.2%, and 76.6% ( Figure 5 A–C).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IGF-1, as a PI3K agonist, is frequently used to verify the mechanism of the PI3K/Akt pathway [ 62 64 ]. The biological function of IGF-I is mainly mediated by IGF-I receptor.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…with a higher glycolytic rate than HKI( Tan and Miyamoto 2015 ). HKIV, also known as glucokinase, is present in hepatocytes with the lowest affinity for glucose and no inhibition by G6P ( Xu and Herschman 2019 ; Kasprzak 2021 ). HKII is essential for tumor metabolism.…”
Section: Glucose Metabolism In Neoplastic Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The conversion brings PI3-kinase dependent kinase-2 (PDK2) and AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase (Akt) to the membrane and the phosphorylation of Akt activates a number of substrates to regulate protein synthesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and other cellular activities (Bikle et al, 2015;Yoshida and Delafontaine, 2020;Moonesi et al, 2021). IGF1 can also activate the Grb2 adaptor protein and inducts the activation of Ras G protein to initiate the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway, which involves Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK signaling molecules (Clemmons, 2006;Kasprzak, 2021).…”
Section: Igf Signalingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The GH/ IGF1 axis and IGF system contribute to promote colorectal tumorigenesis through different mechanisms: deregulating Wnt/b-catenin signaling (39)(40)(41), reducing the responsiveness of cells to Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFb) (42), enhancing the anti-apoptotic effects of both Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) (43) and Bcl2 Like 1 (Bcl-X L) (44), and enhancing the expression of the pro-angiogenetic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (45,46). Moreover, a recent review extensively discussed the role of the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Complex (mTORC) signaling pathway, and Raf/MAPK signaling pathway in the increased glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) by CRC cells (47).…”
Section: Mirnas and Lncrnas Regulating The Gh/igf1 Axis And Igf System In Cancer: Focus On Pituitary Adenoma Osteosarcoma And Colorectal mentioning
confidence: 99%