Insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament

Nakajima, Hiroyuki; Kondo, Minoru; Kurosawa, Hisashi; Fukubayashi, Toru

doi:10.1007/bf00389691

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Taking into account that there has been no way to quantitatively detect the degree of anterolateral rotatory instability easily in the clinical field, GAPS test may be possibly used for the grading of anterolateral rotatory instability. In each previously reported test for anterolateral rotatory instability, most ACL deficient knees show positive test, indicating that the positive test is directly attributable to ACL deficiency [2,[7][8][9]. In contrast, because approximately 40% of the ACL deficient knees showed negative GAPS test, some factors, along with ACL deficiency, should contribute to the results of GAPS test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Gravity-assisted pivot-shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a new procedure to detect anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee joint

Sakai

Yajima

Kobayashi

et al. 2005

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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The denominated gravity-assisted pivot-shift test was introduced as a new procedure to detect anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee joint. The patient lies in the supine position or slightly rotated onto the affected side. The affected knee flexed approximately 60 degrees and the ipsilateral hip flexed, abducted and externally rotated so that the plane of the knee motion runs parallel to the floor. The examiner instructs the patient to raise the affected leg off the examining table and to extend the affected knee gradually. If the lower leg is internally rotated suddenly, with the knee subluxated at an angle of approximately 20 degrees , followed by the reduction in flexion, this test is regarded as positive. This test was investigated on 51 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees, being positive in 30 knees (Group P) and negative in 21 (Group N) with the positive rate of 59%. There was no significant correlation between the result of this test and the clinical features, but Group N included relatively small number of females and recurrent injuries tended to occur more frequently in Group P. Thirty-six knees received ACL reconstruction subsequently. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity at one year postoperatively. However, three patients with the side-to side difference of more than 3 mm belonged to Group P. Relatively low positive rate in ACL deficient knees suggests that it may not be used as a diagnostic procedure for ACL injury. It is possibly used for the prediction of high risk patients for symptomatic giving-way and/or patients with poor prognosis after ACL reconstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Gravity-assisted pivot-shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a new procedure to detect anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee joint

Sakai

Yajima

Kobayashi

et al. 2005

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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“…Out of 118 ACL-deficient knees, associated meniscal tears were found arthroscopically in 96 (81%) cases [16]. The most frequent type of tear was the longitudinal tear of the posterior half of the MM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral meniscal tears and their evolution in acute injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Nikolić

1998

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

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Arthroscopic diagnosis was used to determine the incidence of the most frequent injuries to the knee's internal structures associated with ACL tear as well as ones without ACL tear. The most frequent finding associated with a recent ACL tear was the LM tear (72.7%). There is a statistically significant incidence of recent LM tear in knees with a recent ACL tear compared with recently injured knees without an ACL tear (P < 0.001). A statistically significant incidence of longitudinal LM tear was found in knees with a recent ACL tear compared with recently injured knees without an ACL tear (P < 0.001). Longitudinal tears were present in 63.6% of the knees with a recent ACL tear or in 87.5% of all knees with a recent LM tear. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of LM tear in the knees with a recent ACL tear compared to the incidence of LM tear in knees with an old ACL tear (P > 0.05). The posterior horn was most frequently injured (71.5% vs 64.0%). A significant difference between the findings in the various patient groups studied supports the hypothesis that longitudinal LM tears in an ACL-deficient knee do not involve secondary meniscal pathology but that their onset derives from a primary recent injury. Most probably, the recent LM lesion does not evolve in meniscal length and depth. This hypothesis needs thorough investigation.

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“…Interestingly, in one study 21 on ACL injuries in which the description of the injury mechanism was written down as stated by the patients, 17 different injury mechanisms were reported, whereas normally the number of categories is much fewer. Unfortunately, injury mechanism descriptions based on the athlete interview approach commonly use widely different terminology; categories and definitions are rarely provided and sometimes it seems somewhat arbitrary which variables are reported.…”

Section: Athlete Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sport: limitations and possibilities

Krosshaug

Andersen²,

Olsen³

et al. 2005

Br J Sports Med

169

139

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A number of different methodological approaches have been used to describe the inciting event for sports injuries. These include interviews of injured athletes, analysis of video recordings of actual injuries, clinical studies (clinical findings of joint damage are studied to understand the injury mechanism, mainly through plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, and computed tomography scans), in vivo studies (ligament strain or forces are measured to understand ligament loading patterns), cadaver studies, mathematical modelling and simulation of injury situations, and measurement/estimation from “close to injury” situations. In rare cases, injuries have even occurred during biomechanical experiments. This review describes each research approach and assesses its strengths and weaknesses in contributing to the understanding and prevention of sports injuries.

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Insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Gravity-assisted pivot-shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a new procedure to detect anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee joint

Gravity-assisted pivot-shift test for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a new procedure to detect anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee joint

Lateral meniscal tears and their evolution in acute injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sport: limitations and possibilities

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