Instability Dependency of Osteoarthritis Development in a Rabbit Model of Graded Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection

Tochigi, Yuki; Vaseenon, Tanawat; Heiner, Anneliese D.; Fredericks, Douglas C.; Martin, James A.; Rudert, Maximilian; Hillis, Stephen L.; Brown, Thomas; McKinley, Todd O.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.j.00150

Cited by 64 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Small inter-subject variations in rotations and translations may influence articular contact stress, which could play a role in OA progression 4, 12 . In fact, the severity of OA progression following ACL injury may be associated with the level of instability 42 . However, relationships between abnormal contact stress and altered knee kinematics following ACL injury and reconstruction are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Tibiofemoral Contact Stress and Its Association With Altered Kinematics After Center-Center Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

et al. 2013

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Background Abnormal tibiofemoral contact stress and aberrant kinematics may influence the progression of osteoarthritis in the ACL-deficient and the ACL-reconstructed knee. However, relationships between contact stress and kinematics following ACL reconstruction are poorly understood. Therefore, we posed the following research questions: (1) How do ACL deficiency and reconstruction affect kinematics of and contact stress in the tibiofemoral joint? (2) What kinematic differences are associated with abnormal contact stress following ACL reconstruction? Hypothesis/Purpose Center-center ACL reconstruction will not restore knee kinematics and contact stress. Correlations will exist between abnormal contact stress and aberrant kinematics following ACL reconstruction will exist. Study Design Controlled laboratory study Methods Clinical tests of anterior and rotational stability were simulated on eleven cadaveric knees using an industrial robot. Tests were conducted with the ACL intact, sectioned, and after single bundle ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring autograft with tunnels drilled through the center of the native footprints. Kinematics were recorded during the tests. Contact stress was continuously recorded from a stress transducer fixed to the tibial plateau and mean contact stress was calculated regionally. Results ACL deficiency resulted in increased mean contact stress in the posterior sectors of the medial and lateral compartments under anterior and rotational loads, respectively. Reconstruction reduced stress in these locations; however contact stress abnormalities remained. On average, kinematics were overconstrained following ACL reconstruction (≤1.8mm and ≤2.6° in all directions). However, combinations of overconstrained and underconstrained motions in ab/adduction and medial-lateral translation in response to combined moments, and axial rotation, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral translation in response to an anterior load were associated with abnormal mean contact stress. Conclusions ACL reconstruction reduces high stresses generated in the posterior compartment of the ACL-deficient knee. Abnormal contact stress following ACL reconstruction is related to multiplanar variations in knee kinematics. Clinical Relevance Clinical measures of multiplanar kinematics may help to better characterize the quality of ACL reconstruction. Such measures may help identify those at increased risk of long-term joint degeneration following this surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Tibiofemoral Contact Stress and Its Association With Altered Kinematics After Center-Center Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

et al. 2013

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“…5,6 Clinically, OA of the knee is treated using physical therapies such as stretching, muscle training, gait control, and some pharmacotherapeutic methods. 7,8 Moderate mechanical loading maintains the integrity of articular cartilage, but both disuse and overuse can result in cartilage degradation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The anterior cruciate ligament contributes to dynamic stability of the knee joint, and injury to this structure is a crucial factor leading to OA of the knee in human subjects, 3 rats, 4 and many other species. 5,6 Clinically, OA of the knee is treated using physical therapies such as stretching, muscle training, gait control, and some pharmacotherapeutic methods. 7,8 Moderate mechanical loading maintains the integrity of articular cartilage, but both disuse and overuse can result in cartilage degradation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise level on biomarkers in a rat knee model of osteoarthritis

Yamaguchi

Aoyama

Ito

et al. 2013

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the levels of serum biomarkers reflect the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by different levels of exercise. Thirty-five Wistar rats subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) were divided into three groups: Control, moderate running, and intense running. Twelve rats (moderate running without ACLT) were allocated as a naive group. Running was performed on a motorized treadmill, at a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min/day (moderate and naive) or 60 min/day (intense) for 3 days per week. After 2 or 4 weeks, OA histopathology in the knees was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, and the serum levels of cleaved collagen type II (C2C) and procollagen II C-propeptide (CPII) were analyzed. The OARSI score deteriorated in the intense running group after 2 weeks and the serum C2C/CPII ratio suggested the development of OA. At 4 weeks, the C2C/CPII ratio suggested there would be deterioration in the OARSI score but the score did not differ significantly between the moderate and intense running groups. C2C/CPII ratio had 13-25% correlation with the OARSI histological score. Thus, in rat experimental OA, the OARSI score could be partially predicted by the C2C/CPII ratio as a serum biomarker of OA. Keywords: cartilage metabolism; osteoarthritis; running exercise; rats; biomarker Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, a common joint disorder among elderly people, is caused by aging, overuse, trauma, and other complicating factors, and leads to degenerative structural changes. In daily life, exercise is encouraged for individuals with poor locomotion caused by OA, but excessive stress can induce cartilage degeneration.1,2 The anterior cruciate ligament contributes to dynamic stability of the knee joint, and injury to this structure is a crucial factor leading to OA of the knee in human subjects, 3 rats, 4 and many other species. 5,6 Clinically, OA of the knee is treated using physical therapies such as stretching, muscle training, gait control, and some pharmacotherapeutic methods. 7,8 Moderate mechanical loading maintains the integrity of articular cartilage, but both disuse and overuse can result in cartilage degradation.9-13 Forced mobilization accelerated OA damage in rats subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT). 9 In another report, rats made to exercise following ACLT developed more cartilaginous lesions than did controls with no exercise, but the lesions in the control rats were usually as severe as those in the exercising rats. 4 From a structural standpoint, articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix rich in molecules such as type II collagen and aggrecan. In individuals with OA, these components are degraded by various enzymes such as a disintegrin metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).5,14-16 Cartilage degradation can be attributed to an imbalance between the anabolic and catabolic activities of chon...

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“…In a recent experimental study, Brown and colleagues set out to explore this hypothesis [9]. Using a rabbit model, they sought to alter joint stability (and, hence, load times sliding distance) by comparing animals with intact knee joints with knee joints in which the ACL had been partially transected and with knees in which the ACL had been completely transected.…”

Section: Loading Of Prosthetic Joint Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Factors in Osteoarthritis: The Effects of Joint Instability

Wright

2012

HSS Jrnl

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Instability Dependency of Osteoarthritis Development in a Rabbit Model of Graded Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection

Abstract: Background: Joint instability has long been empirically recognized as a leading risk factor for osteoarthritis. However,

Cited by 64 publications

References 34 publications

Abnormal Tibiofemoral Contact Stress and Its Association With Altered Kinematics After Center-Center Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Abnormal Tibiofemoral Contact Stress and Its Association With Altered Kinematics After Center-Center Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Effects of exercise level on biomarkers in a rat knee model of osteoarthritis

Biomechanical Factors in Osteoarthritis: The Effects of Joint Instability

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