Insights to Gossypium defense response against Verticillium dahliae: the Cotton Cancer

Genetic Mapping and Characterization of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in a Recombinant Inbred Population of Upland Cotton

“…Although this study is the first investigation of cotton resistance to an Australian ND V. dahliae isolate, there have been many studies that have investigated the genetics of cotton's response to V. dahliae infection [3], although mainly with D VW pathotypes, as worldwide this is the virulent pathotype. A recent meta-analysis of thirty-one VW resistance studies between 2008 and 2022 [54] found QTLs distributed among all cotton chromosomes except five (ChrA02, ChrA04, ChrA09, ChrA13, and ChrD06), highlighting the complexity of VW resistance.…”

“…The fungus invades through the roots and once in the xylem produces conidiospores that spread acropetally throughout the plant [1]. During infection, the V. dahliae secretome supplies a range of molecules, such as toxins, to manipulate the host responses and aid its growth that can result in vascular occlusion, which prevents the transfer of water and other mineral substances from roots to the leaves and tissues and causes wilting, drying, a reduction in photosynthesis, shedding of immature bolls, and importantly a significant reduction in fiber yield [2][3][4]. In the field, the disease is characteristically associated with vascular discoloration, leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and plant death in severe cases.…”

Positive roles of the Ca2+ sensors GbCML45 and GbCML50 in improving cotton Verticillium wilt resistance

“…Verticillium wilt is a serious vascular disease that is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae , resulting in significant economic losses for cotton producers worldwide (Cai et al., 2009 ; Sal'kova & Guseva, 1965 ). To resist Verticillium infection, cotton has evolved multiple defence mechanisms, including reinforcement of cell wall structure, maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, hormone signalling and PAMP‐/effector‐triggered immunity (PTI/ETI) responses (Shaban et al., 2018 ; Umer et al., 2023 ; Zhu et al., 2023 ). Overexpression of respiratory burst oxidase homologue D ( GhRbohD ), GbRboh5 or GbRboh18 , in cotton promotes the resistance of transgenic plants to V. dahliae by inducing accumulation of ROS or nitric oxide (NO) (Chang et al., 2020 ; Huang et al., 2021 ).…”

Decoding the guardians of cotton resilience: A comprehensive exploration of the βCA genes and its role in Verticillium dahliae resistance

“…Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, can significantly impact cotton growth and yield, resulting in plant stunting, reduced nutrient uptake, and, ultimately, crop losses (Zhang et al, 2022). The severity of the impact can vary depending on several factors, but effective management strategies such as crop rotation and the use of resistant cotton varieties can help minimize the impact of this disease on cotton production (Sanogo and Zhang, 2016;Umer et al, 2023). Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), a zinc-containing metallic enzyme, contains a coiled protein chain and a zinc ion, mainly catalyzes the conversion reaction between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion and is commonly found in animals, plants, algae, bacteria and fungi (Hewett-Emmett and Tashian, 1996).…”

“…Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae , can significantly impact cotton growth and yield, resulting in plant stunting, reduced nutrient uptake, and, ultimately, crop losses (Zhang et al, 2022). The severity of the impact can vary depending on several factors, but effective management strategies such as crop rotation and the use of resistant cotton varieties can help minimize the impact of this disease on cotton production (Sanogo and Zhang, 2016; Umer et al, 2023).…”