Insights into the Evolution of Aphid Mitogenome Features from New Data and Comparative Analysis

Abstract

The complete mitochondrial genomes and their rearrangement patterns can provide useful information for inferring evolutionary history of organisms. Aphids are one of the insect groups with some unique mitogenome features. In this study, to examine whether some features in aphid mitogenomes are independent species-specific evolutionary events or clade-specific events at certain taxonomic levels, we sequenced three new aphid mitogenomes (Hormaphidinae: Ceratovacuna keduensis, Pseudoregma panicola; Lachninae: Nippolachnus piri) and compared them with all known aphid mitogenomes. The three mitogenomes are 16,059–17,033 bp in length, with a set of 37 typical mitochondrial genes, a non-coding control region and a tandem repeat region. The gene orders of them are all highly rearranged. Within the subfamily Hormaphidinae, the presence of repeat region and mitogenome rearrangement in Cerataphidini species but not in the other two tribes indicate that these may be Cerataphidini-specific features. The same gene rearrangement pattern in the two Lachninae species, N. piri (Tuberolachnini) and Stomaphis sinisalicis (Stomaphidini), supports that this feature should be at least derived from the common ancestor of two tribes. Overall, our data and analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary patterns of gene rearrangement and repeat region in aphid mitogenomes, and further corroborate the potential role of gene rearrangement in elucidating the evolutionary history of different insect lineages.

First mitochondrial genome of subfamily Julodinae (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) with its phylogenetic implications

“…In the past two decades, the mitochondrial genome emerged as important molecular data for higher-level phylogenetic analyses ( Saccone et al 1999 ; Timmermans et al 2010 , 2016 ; Cameron 2014 ; Li et al 2015 ; Qin et al 2015 ; Nie et al 2020 , 2021 ; Motyka et al 2022 ; Zheng et al 2022 ), evolutionary strategies ( Krzywinski et al 2011 ; Nie et al 2019 ; Motyka et al 2022 ; Zhang et al 2022 ), and genetic diversity analyses ( Lim et al 2021 ). The buprestid mitogenome also caught the attention of taxonomists.…”

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis and Insights into Phylogenetics in Pyraloidea

“…A non-coding element containing initiation sites for replication and transcription is called the A + T rich region (CR) [ 12 , 13 ]. With the great developments in PCR techniques and high-throughput sequencing, many animal group’s complete mitogenomic data including insects are easier to obtain and have been widely applied in the research of phylogenetics, molecular evolution, evolutionary and comparative genomics, and population genetics [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Evolution of Gene Arrangements in the Mitogenomes of Ensifera and Characterization of the Complete Mitogenome of Schizodactylus jimo

“…Gene rearrangement has been extensively reported in various insect mitogenomes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The most common type of gene arrangement involves tRNA genes, among which the gene orders in Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocoptera, Hemiptera, and Phthiraptera exhibit more frequent rearrangements than the putative ancestral gene order [ 7 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Some studies have suggested that mitogenome rearrangement may provide essential clues regarding evolution and origin [ 2 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”