Insights into cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Cisplatin is the most common drug in first-line chemotherapy against solid tumors. We and others have previously used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic factors influencing the sensitivity and resistance to cisplatin. In this study, we take advantage of C. elegans to explore cisplatin effects on mitochondrial functions and investigate cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity through a high-resolution semi-automated system for evaluating locomotion. Firstly, we report that a high-glucose diet sensitizes C. elegans to cisplatin at the physiological level and that mitochondrial CED-13 protects the cell from cisplatin-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, by assessing mitochondrial function with a Seahorse Analyzer, we observed a detrimental additive effect of cisplatin and glucose in mitochondrial respiration. Secondly, since we previously found that catechol-O-methyltransferases (involved in dopamine degradation) were upregulated upon cisplatin exposure, we studied the protective role of the FDA-approved drug dopamine against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. To implement the use of the Tierpsy Tracker system for measuring neurotoxicity in C. elegans, we showed that abnormal displacements and body postures in cat-2 mutants, which have the dopamine synthesis pathway disrupted, can be rescued by adding dopamine. Then, we used such a system to demonstrate that dopamine treatment protects from the dose-dependent neurotoxicity caused by cisplatin.

Emerging biotechnology applications in natural product and synthetic pharmaceutical analyses

“…C. elegans assays were first used as a biological model and in environmental and chemical toxicity to obtain data from a whole animal with active digestive, reproductive, sensory, and neuromuscular systems 110 , 111 . Nowadays, this model is used in drug toxicity analysis, such as cisplatin 112 and aesculin, a coumarin compound extracted from TCM Qinpi (Cortex Fraxini) 113 .…”