Insight into the Interfacial Elastic Contact in Stacking Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

architecture that can be fabricated based on this cell. Examples of such devices are planar heterojunctions and mesoscopic structures, which have already exhibited very impressive performance. However, the cost, stability, and large-scale production requirements to realize commercialization of these cells should be considered. [5][6][7] Hence, many new kinds of structures based on developed alternative materials and protocols have been designed to solve the problems of the traditional cell architectures (usually involving noble metal electrodes prepared by high-vacuum deposition techniques), such as carbon-based cells and sandwich solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The majorities of organic photovoltaic devices or organic-inorganic devices are generally prepared by sequential deposition; that is, another layer is prepared after one functional layer is prepared. This method can ensure the maximum interfacial ohmic contact between two layers. However, at the same time, placing one layer after another layer indicates that whether the preparation conditions will damage the previous functional layer should be considered. Hence, consecutive deposition cannot achieve sufficient performance and structural regulation of a functional layer. If a functional layer is destroyed, especially the sensitive perovskite light-absorbing layer, the entire device will lose efficacy and become unusable. Sandwich-type thin-film solar cells with top and bottom electrodes, such as dye-sensitized and laminated PSCs, are of great interest, because the cathode and anode electrodes of these devices are manufactured individually rather than layer upon layer. It is easier to repair and maintain an electrode (cathode or anode) than the whole device. Moreover, this structure eliminates the vacuum evaporation of noble metal. Given the low-cost fabrication and unique structural advantages of sandwich-type thin-film solar cells, relative large-scale fabrication technique is believed to be reliable and imperative while all the fabrication of PSCs has been achieved by doctor-blade and slot-die coating outside the glovebox under ambient air conditions. [12,13] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a cheap conducting polymer with high conductivity (up to several thousands of Siemens per centimeter), and can be easily prepared into films by spin-coating, spraying, or printing. PEDOT:PSS has been widely used as an electrode or a charge collection layer in organic photovoltaics, p-i-n perovskite solar cells, and light emitting diodes because of its electrical conductivity, transparency, and solution Stacking perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging cells with two detached electrodes during fabrication process, in which the crucial step is the intimate mechanical and electronic contact between the laminated parts. The interfacial elastic contact of stacking PSCs with four different p-type organic semiconductors has been systematically studied. Studies confirm that poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS...

Current advancements on charge selective contact interfacial layers and electrodes in flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics

“…Hence, a~90% transparency in the visible light and high conductivity to electrons or holes are the anticipated characteristics for a contact/window electrode while good mechanical flexibility is also required for creating bendable surfaces. To facilitate an efficient charge collection, the work function of the electrode material has to be considered for choosing an appropriate contact for holes and electrons separately [191][192][193]. Once the TCEs are fixed, the other electrode can be any material with reasonably high conductivity to the opposite charge carriers even if the material has poor transmittance.…”

Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics

“…For PC perovsikte solar cells it was reported that good elastic contact and high conductivity are the two basic requisites to achieve good interfacial contact when stacking laminated parts, adding some further constraint on the choice of CTLs. [ 161 ] The authors showed that PEDOT:PSS had superior conductivity and elasticity, enabling for substantial improvement in FF and J SC in devices. This pivotal aspect of effective SCs integration quests for more research and development on the properties of the interfaces between SC films and CTLs, whereas valuable information on the role of the interfaces in PC pervoskite solar cells was extensively reviewed elsewhere, [ 161 ] and can certainly contributes to advances in SC devices.…”

“…[ 161 ] The authors showed that PEDOT:PSS had superior conductivity and elasticity, enabling for substantial improvement in FF and J SC in devices. This pivotal aspect of effective SCs integration quests for more research and development on the properties of the interfaces between SC films and CTLs, whereas valuable information on the role of the interfaces in PC pervoskite solar cells was extensively reviewed elsewhere, [ 161 ] and can certainly contributes to advances in SC devices.…”

Laminated Perovskite Photovoltaics: Enabling Novel Layer Combinations and Device Architectures

“…Moreover, the lamination with wet organic CTLs has been presented in tandem and semitransparent flexible perovskite solar cells . In addition, the lamination of dry organic layers on top of each other and directly on the perovskite absorber has been introduced . Recently, Dunfield et al presented a first proof‐of‐concept of the pressure‐assisted lamination of two perovskite layers on top of each other, which is a promising technique suitable for industrial large‐scale roll‐to‐roll fabrications .…”