Inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi contributes to the survival of tree seedlings in a copper mine tailing

Nutrient mobilization, growth and field survival of <em>Pinus pringlei</em> inoculated with three ectomycorrhizal mushrooms

“…The importance of ECMF for the acquisition of soil nutrients has been previously documented (Smith & Read 2008, Siddiqui & Kataoka 2011, Garcia et al 2016 and has been demonstrated nutrient acquisition is considered to be a major factor associated with improved seedling growth (Steinfeld et al 2003). Several studies with other pine species have shown the increase of some macro-and micro-nutrients in their tissues as a consequence of the inoculation with ECMF , Zong et al 2015, Rentería-Chávez et al 2017. Similarly, in the present work a higher content of macro-and micro-nutrients were recorded in inoculated P. pringlei plants with any of the three evaluated mycobionts.…”

“…Bücking et al (1994) demonstrated that Suillus bovinus under conditions of Zn 2+ deficiency in the substrate, induced a high translocation of this element from roots to shoots of P. sylvestris, compared to high external conditions of Zn 2+ . Zong et al (2015) showed that Pinus densiflora inoculation with Pisolithus sp., Cenococcum geophilum and L. laccata inhibited Zn 2+ accumulation in shoots under high conditions of this nutrient in the soil. The ECMF have the ability to generate mechanisms to protect forest tree growing under high Zn 2+ conditions, through: i) compartmentalization, ii) intracellular and extracellular complexation and iii) chelation (Leon- sequestration in the cell walls of the mantle hyphae and the Hartig net; and stores this element in cytoplasm and vacuoles of fungal tissue (Frey et al 2000).…”

“…One of the benefits of the ectomycorrhizal interaction is the nutritional exchange between the fungi and their host plant; it has been estimated that the ECMF receive from the host plant around 20 to 25 % of the total production of their photosynthetic compounds (Hobbie 2006), in exchange the associated plants increase their nutrient uptake, mainly P, and N, which brings as a consequence a reduction of transplant stress and an increase of field survival (Parladé et al 2004, Rincón et al 2007. In addition, it has been demonstrated that reforestation of pine seedlings inoculated with ECMF significantly enhance their survival, growth, and nutrient uptake under field conditions, including areas with mine tailings (Zong et al 2015); post-fire conditions (Franco et al 2014); and calcareous (Rincón et al 2007) and degraded soils (Gómez-Romero et al 2013). Therefore, the ectomycorrhizal inoculation is considered a practice that mitigates stress factors and increases seedling performance under field conditions.…”

Physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in nonmycorrhizal versus mycorrhizal plants

“…However, some ecto‐ and arbuscular‐mycorrhizal plants were found to have lower HM concentrations in their shoots than nonmycorrhizal plants (Gu et al, ; Sousa, Ramos, Marques, & Castro, ; Zhou et al, ; Zong et al, ). For instance, in ectomycorrhizal Eucalyptus globulus Labill.…”

“…For instance, the leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants of Populus tremula L. grown on Zn-contaminated soil contain much higher Zn concentrations compared with those of nonmycorrhizal poplars(Langer et al, 2012). Experimental studies found higher concentrations of Zn in the stem and of Cu in the roots of Salix × dasyclados Wimm Gu et al, 2017;Sousa, Ramos, Marques, & Castro, 2014;Zhou et al, 2017;Zong et al, 2015)…”