Innate antiviral immune response against infectious bronchitis virus and involvement of prostaglandin E2 in the uterine mucosa of laying hens

Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the “gut-bone” axis

“…A study on mice found that ovarian aging characterized by decline in follicle number and oocyte quality was associated with increased levels in intra-ovarian CD4 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, as well as several cytokines and chemokines ( Lliberos et al., 2021 ), indicating that cytokine secretion plays a critical role in the ovary, as some of these cytokines and TNF-α in particular, are known to induce ovarian follicle death. From this point, attenuating the ovarian inflammation mediated by the immune system in the late stage of the production period might account for the increase in the ovarian follicles in this study ( Elhamouly et al., 2018b ; Samiullah et al., 2017 ).…”

Modulation of the innate immune system by lipopolysaccharide in the proventriculus of chicks inoculated with or without Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccine

“…The antibodies against AvBD1, AvBD2, and CATH1 were used in our previous studies involving immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis ( Elhamouly et al, 2018 ; Elhamouly et al, 2019 ; Shimizu et al, 2020 ; Terada et al, 2020a ). Antisera against AvBD1, AvBD2, and CATH1 was raised by immunization of rabbits with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-conjugated synthetic peptide (anti-AvBD1 was obtained from Operon Biotechnologies K.K., Tokyo Japan; anti-AvBD2 was obtained from Medical & Biological Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan; and CATH1 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan).…”

Towards Improved Use of Vaccination in the Control of Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease in Poultry: Understanding the Immunological Mechanisms

“…Avian β-defensins (AvBDs), cathelicidins (CATHs) and Prostagladin (PG) E2 (PGE2) are also induced by IBV antigens. Moreover, PEGS further induce production of IFNs and AvBDs [59]. It is thought that microbial ligandmediated induction of TLR signaling also induces the expression of defensins and AvBDs play an important role in the defense against IBV replication.…”