Injury patterns of medial patellofemoral ligament and correlation analysis with articular cartilage lesions of the lateral femoral condyle after acute lateral patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: An MRI evaluation

Zheng, Lei; Shi, Hao; Feng, Yanqiu; Sun, Bei; Ding, Haiyan; Zhang, Guangying

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.02.001

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…52,83,181 In contrast to the findings of these authors, there are studies in which the incidence of patellar sited injuries in children and adolescents are close to one third or less. 16,152,184 Earlier studies in the adult or aged-mixed populations with relatively few patients included (n= [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] reported that > 75% were at the femoral attachment site. 147,149 The latter have been with variable results of patellar attachment site injuries and multifocal and less femoral attachment site injuries.…”

Section: How Is the Mpfl Injured?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children

et al. 2016

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Section: How Is the Mpfl Injured?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children

et al. 2016

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“…Such fragments will require removal and eventually cartilage resurfacing. Extra-articular bony avulsions of the medial patello-femoral ligament more often occur at the patellar than at the femoral insertion 7 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Types Of Dislocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patella instability in children and adolescents

Hasler

Studer

2016

EFORT Open Reviews

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Patellar instabilities are the most common knee pathologies during growth. Congenital dislocations are rare. Extensive, early soft tissue releases relocate the extensor mechanism and may enable normal development of the femoro-patellar anatomy.Conservative management is the preferred strategy after a ‘first-time’ traumatic dislocation. In cases with concomitant anatomical predisposing factors such as trochlear dysplasia, malalignment, malrotation or ligamentous laxity, surgical reconstruction must be considered. The same applies to recurrent dislocations with pain, a sense of instability or re-dislocations which may also lead to functional compensatory mechanisms (quadriceps-avoiding gait in knee extension) or cartilaginous lesions with subsequent patello-femoral osteoarthritis. The decision-making process guiding surgical re-alignment includes analysis with standard radiographs and MRI of the trochlear groove, joint cartilage and medial patello-femoral ligament (MPFL). Careful evaluation of dynamic and static stabilisers is essential: the medial patello-femoral ligament provides stability during the first 20° of flexion, and the trochlear groove thereafter.Excessive femoral anteversion, general ligamentous laxity with increased femoro-tibial rotation, patella alta and increased distance between the tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove must also be taken into account and surgically corrected.In cases with ongoing dislocations during skeletal immaturity, soft tissue procedures must suffice: reconstruction of the medial patello-femoral ligament as a standalone procedure or in conjuction with more complex distal realignment of the quadriceps mechanism may lead to a permanent stable result, or at least buys time until a definitive bony procedure is performed.Cite this article: Hasler CC, Studer D. Patella instability in children and adolescents. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:160-166. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000018.

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“…The knee joint is susceptible to many types of injuries, including fractures, sprains, tears, and dislocations . Aging and joint diseases may lead to cartilage degeneration or injury, adversely affecting normal movements of the knee joint …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Wang

Mirando

Cofer

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To evaluate whole knee joint tractography, including articular cartilage, ligaments, meniscus, and growth plate using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at microscopic resolution. Methods Three rat knee joints were scanned using a modified 3D diffusion‐weighted spin echo pulse sequence with 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolution at 9.4T. The b values varied from 250 to 1250 s/mm2 with 4 times undersampling in phase directions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared at different spatial resolution and b values. Tractography was evaluated at multiple b values and angular resolutions in different connective tissues, and compared with conventional histology. The mean tract length and tract volume in various types of tissues were also quantified. Results DTI metrics (FA and MD) showed consistent quantitative results at 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolutions. Tractography of various connective tissues was found to be sensitive to the spatial resolution, angular resolution, and diffusion weightings. Higher spatial resolution (45 μm) supported tracking the cartilage collagen fiber tracts from the superficial zone to the deep zone, in a continuous and smooth progression in the transitional zone. Fiber length and fiber volume in the growth plate were strongly dependent on angular resolution and b values, whereas tractography in ligaments was found to be less dependent on spatial resolution. Conclusion High spatial and angular resolution DTI and diffusion tractography can be valuable for knee joint research because of its visualization capacity for collagen fiber orientations and quantitative evaluation of tissue’s microscopic properties.

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Injury patterns of medial patellofemoral ligament and correlation analysis with articular cartilage lesions of the lateral femoral condyle after acute lateral patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: An MRI evaluation

Cited by 47 publications

References 54 publications

Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children

Morphology and Anatomic Patellar Instability Risk Factors in First-Time Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Prospective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Skeletally Immature Children

Patella instability in children and adolescents

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

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