Inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis in linearly coasting cosmology

Reference level of the vacuum energy density of the Universe and astrophysical data

“…That is due to the strong anti-correlation between the Ω m and S 0 parameters, which provides the upper limit on Ω m , obeying the lower limit of S 0 > 1.0 prior (see Section II). Given the very large uniform prior parameter space allowed for the S 0 parameter we find that the data is, in fact, able to constrain it, which however could benefit from additional data that can refine the posteriors on Ω m (see for example [60]). In fact, Ω m − S 0 parameter space indicates the improvement of the fit over S 0 = 0, which corresponds simply to an Einstein-de Sitter like universe with Ω m ∼ 1 [61].…”

“…The q(z) prediction indicates that for z > 0.7 VFD belongs to a class of the so-called Milne-like models [35,67,68] which expand uniformly q(z) = 0). This class of models have recently attracted attention [36,60,[69][70][71], partially owing to the fact that the data, when utilized separately, are consistent or even preferred a linear coasting evolution over ΛCDM at late-times (see e.g. [72]), apart the physical motivations [73][74][75].…”

“…In this respect, VFD model provides an interesting possibility with an early linear coasting-like behavior and a late acceleration with q(a = 1) = −0.74 +0.16 −0.22 . More recently in [60], the authors study the primordial Nucleosynthesis 4 with a linear coasting background and claim that the observed helium content can be reconciled when having a larger baryon density and no dark matter. Yet additional confirmation of this fact with some alternate nucleosynthesis analysis is very much desirable.…”

The equation of vacuum state and the structure formation in universe

“…However, if Friedman equation is satisfied up to only some constant, the fundamental system is ( 26) - (31). In this case, it is impossible to rewrite this system in the terms of invariant variables because of the metric (32) does not belong to a class of metrics regarding which the action varies in the FVT gravity (Cherkas, Kalashnikov 2017).…”

“…The above calculations are performed for two values of the pressureless matter Ω m = 0.03, as in the standard model, and Ω m = 0.3. The last value is preferable for Milne's-like Universe because the nucleosynthesis in linearly coasting cosmology demands this value of baryonic matter to provide necessary amount of helium(Lewis et al, 2016;Singh, Lohiya, 2018).…”