Inhibitory Potential of Mangiferin on Glucansucrase Producing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Plaque

Abstract

Glucansucrase secreted by Streptococcus mutans and composed of virulence genes alters oral microbiota, creating adherent environment for structural bacteria colony forming dental biofilm. The present investigation studied the inhibitory and binding potentials of mangiferin against S. mutans and its enzyme glucansucrase implicated in biofilm formation. Antibacterial activity against planktonic S. mutans was carried out. Using reverse transcription PCR, the expression of crucial virulence genes, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, and comDE were determined. The effect of mangiferin on teeth surfaces biofilm was ascertained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Docking analysis of S. mutans glucansucrase and mangiferin revealed the binding energy of −7.35 and ten hydrogen interactions. Antibacterial study revealed that mangiferin was not lethal to planktonic S. mutans, but a concentration-dependent inhibition of glucansucrase activity was observed. The inhibitory effect of water-insoluble glucan synthesis was apparently more marked relative to water-soluble glucan synthesis attenuation. Mangiferin significantly downregulated the expression of the virulence genes, indicating a mechanism involving glucanotranferases, specifically inhibiting colony formation by attenuating bacterial adherence. SEM images revealed that S. mutans biofilm density was scanty in mangiferin treated teeth compared to non-treated control teeth. Our data therefore suggest that mangiferin inhibited S. mutans biofilms formation by attenuating glucansucrase activities without affecting bacteria growth.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major components in Qinghao Biejia decoction by UPLC‐Orbitrap Fusion‐MS/MS and UPLC‐QQQ‐MS/MS and evaluation of their antibacterial activities

“…Mangiferin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as immunomodulatory, anti‐HIV, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, which can prevent tissue damage by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress 20 . It inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by attenuating glucan sucrase activities 21 . Mangiferin exhibited the lowest MIC values for S. aureus and M. catarrhalis in our study, which indicated that the most sensitive inhibition concentration used was 0.25 mg/mL.…”

Thidiazuron, a phenyl-urea cytokinin, inhibits ergosterol synthesis and attenuates biofilm formation of Candida albicans

“…The structure of thidiazuron (PubChem CID: 40087) used in this study was retrieved from pubchem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/) as .sdf format and latter converted to .pdb format using PyMOL software. Docking calculations were executed using AutoDock (version 1.5.2 revision 2) as described in the literature [17,18]. The docked conformations of each ligand were ranked into clusters based on the binding energy and the top ranked conformations were visually analyzed with pymol.…”

“…Plates were then rocked in 95% ethanol at room temperature for 30 mins and absorbance recorded at the wavelength of 595 nm [18].…”

Thidiazuron, a phenyl-urea cytokinin, inhibits ergosterol synthesis and attenuates biofilm formation of Candida albicans

“…The structure of thidiazuron (PubChem CID: 40087) used in this study was retrieved from pubchem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/) as .sdf format and latter converted to .pdb format using PyMOL software. Docking calculations were executed using AutoDock (version 1.5.2 revision 2) as described in the literature (Morris et al 2009;Emeka et al 2020). The docked conformations of each ligand were ranked into clusters based on the binding energy and the top ranked conformations were visually analyzed with PyMOL software.…”

“…Then, the unbound stains were removed and the wells were washed with sterile distilled water. Plates were then rocked in 95% ethanol at room temperature for 30 min and absorbance recorded at the wavelength of 595 nm (Emeka et al 2020).…”