Inhibitory Effects of Brassicaceae Cover Crop on Ambrosia artemisiifolia Germination and Early Growth

Abstract

Several cover crops (CCs) exert allelopathic effects that suppress weed growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts containing different concentrations [0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/v)] of Brassicaceae CCs (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, Camellina sativa) and of the CCs Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica on germination and early growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. The allelopathic effects were species and concentration-dependent. C. sativa, for example, caused the greatest potential to inhibit germination, shoot, radicle length and fresh seedling weight, whereas S. alba and R. sativus inhibited germination and early growth of A. artemisiifolia only at concentrations ≥ 7.5%. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when aqueous extracts of F. escultneum and G. abyssinica were added at any of tested concentration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detected 15 phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae CCs with the highest content (µg/g) of vanillin (48.8), chlorogenic acid (1057), vanilic acid (79), caffeic acid (102.5) and syringic acid (27.3) in C. sativa. Our results suggest that C. sativa is the most allelopathic CCs and that the fruits of C. sativa are the plant organs richest in allelochemicals.

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz as a Promising Cover Crop Species with Allelopathic Potential

“…Analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 15 phenolic compounds in the Brassicaceae, with Camelina sativa having the highest content of vanillin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid. These findings suggest that Camelina sativa is the most allelopathic among the species used in this study and that the seeds of Camelina sativa are particularly rich in allelochemicals [54]. Furthermore, by releasing chemical compounds that inhibit weed growth, camelina's allelopathic potential can further contribute to weed control and indirectly influence pathogen dynamics.…”

Bioprospecting of Selected Species of Polypore Fungi from the Western Balkans

“…•OH was generated in the Fenton reaction system by mixing 200 μL of 112 mM DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide), 200 μL of DMF (N, N- dimethylformamide), 200 μL of 2 mM H 2 O 2 , and 2 μL of 30 mM Fe 2+ (control). The stabilization of •OH was investigated by the ESR spin trapping method [ 36 , 87 ]. The ESR spectra were recorded after 2.5 min, with the following spectrometer settings: field modulation 100 kHz, modulation amplitude 0.226 G, receiver gain 5 × 105, time constant 80.72 ms, conversion time 327.68 ms, center field 3440.00 G, sweep width 100.00 G, x-band frequency 9.64 GHz, power 20 mW and temperature 23 °C.…”

“…•OH was generated in the Fenton reaction system by mixing 200 µL of 112 mM DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide), 200 µL of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide), 200 µL of 2 mM H 2 O 2 , and 2 µL of 30 mM Fe 2+ (control). The stabilization of •OH was investigated by the ESR spin trapping method [36,87] In all assays, the results were expressed as: % of •DPPH and % of •OH scavenging activity, % of inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, % of Fe 2+ chelation, and increase in absorbance at 700 nm in the measurement of reduction ability. Additionally, results were expressed as EC 50 values, the concentration (or dose) effective in producing 50% of the maximal response, which is a convenient way of comparing the potencies of drug or supplements.…”

Identifying the Biological Potential of Western Balkan Polypore Mushroom Species to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Global Mushroom Cultivation

“…•OH were generated in the Fenton reaction system by mixing 200 μl of 112 mM DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1pyrroline-N-oxide), 200 μl of DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide), 200 μl of 2 mM H2O2, and 2 μl of 30 mM Fe 2+ (control). The stabilization of •OH was investigated by the ESR spin trapping method [37,84]. The ESR spectra were recorded after 2.5 min, with the following spectrometer settings: field modulation 100 kHz, modulation amplitude 0.226 G, receiver gain 5 x 105, time constant 80.72 ms, conversion time 327.68 ms, center field 3440.00 G, sweep width 100.00 G, x-band frequency 9.64 GHz, power 20 mW and temperature 23°C.…”