Inhibition of namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Ulpiyah, Zakiyya; Shita, Amandia Dewi Permana; Wahyukundari, Melok Aris

doi:10.24198/pjd.vol31no2.18540

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A methanol leaf extract showed significant antioxidant [15,60,62,63]; antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus [33,62,67]); anti-viral (against herpes simplex virus type 1) [71]; anti-diabetic; antidiarrheal (in vivo) [63]; and cytotoxic potentiality against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Vero cells [71,72]. An ethanol leaf extract showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the activities of arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase [64].…”

Section: Biological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

Sabiha

Serrano

Hasan

et al. 2022

Plants

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Cynometra L. is a Fabaceae genus that is widely distributed throughout the tropics, consisting of tropical forest trees with ecological and economic importance since they are used as food and herbal medicines by the populations of their natural habitats. Our goal is to provide a review of the research data concerning the potential of this botanical genus as a source of herbal medicines and secondary metabolites that are useful for human health. To that end, scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched using the following terms: Cynometra, medicine, chemical, biological activity, toxicity, and “AND” as the Boolean connector. Eleven Cynometra species (9.7%) were reported to be used in traditional medicine to treat different ailments. A total of 185 secondary metabolites of various chemical classes, mainly flavonoids and terpenoids, were identified in eight Cynometra species (7.1%). Vitexin was the only flavonoid identified as bioactive in the sequence of bioguided studies on this botanical genus. Ten species (8.8%) were submitted to in vitro and in vivo biological activity assays. The main evaluated activities were in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, but no human clinical trials or safety data about this genus were found. Cynometra cauliflora and Cynometra ramiflora were the most studied species. The present work confirms the use of Cynometra species as a source of medicinal plants. However, more experimental studies must be conducted to better understand this botanical genus’s usefulness as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical use.

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Section: Biological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

Sabiha

Serrano

Hasan

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…22 Gingipain functions to degrade fibrinogen and heme host proteins, which inhibit blood clotting so that bleeding worsens. 6 When the protease or gingipain enzymes are inhibited, the bacteria lose their source nutrition and decreased function, such as difficulty adhering to target cells and cell death. 23 Flavonoids can also increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumour necrosis factor or TNFα.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fimbriae, protease, capsule, adhesive domain, and outer membrane vesicle owned by P. gingivalis can invade local periodontal tissues, take nutrients for growth, and defend themselves from the body's defence mechanisms. 5,6 These pathogenic bacteria appear as much as 85.75% in the sample subgingival plaque in patients with chronic periodontitis, and about 40-100% of adults with chronic periodontitis are infected by these opportunistic bacteria.⁶ Several classes of antibiotics are recommended to treat chronic periodontitis, such as clindamycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. 7 Improper administration of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>The effect of Indian jujube leaves extract in inhibiting the growth of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em></strong>

2022

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Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys tooth-supporting tissues and is associated with increased risk factors for systemic diseases. The main pathogen of periodontitis is the bacteria P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic, pleomorphic, coccobacillus, non-motile, and saccharolytic. The leaves of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) have the main bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids which have antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to analyse various concentrations of the ethanol extract of Indian jujube leaves against P. gingivalis. Methods: The method used in this study was the disc diffusion test based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. P. gingivalis preparation and the fresh leaves of Indian jujube collected from one of the plantations in Probolinggo, East Java. In this study, tests used various concentrations of Indian jujube leaves extract, namely 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Data antibacterial activity was classified according to David and Stout’s inhibition zone classification. Results: Indian jujube leaves extract with a concentration between 10-30% had weak antibacterial activity, 40-60% had moderate antibacterial activity, and 70-100% had strong antibacterial activity. The largest inhibitory zone diameter against P. gingivalis was found at a concentration of 100%. Conclusion: Indian jujube leaves extract starting from a concentration of 70% can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis with strong antibacterial activity.

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“…The inhibitory zone diameters of each sample interpreted based on Davis & Stout (1971) criteria, where the diameter of the inhibitory zone divided into three categories: 1) weak, if the diameter of the inhibitory zone of less than 10 mm, 2) moderate, if the diameter of the inhibitory zone 10-20 mm and 3) Strong, if the diameter of the inhibitory zone of more than 20 mm. 10 According to Table 1, the result showed that the ethanol extract Pluchea indica (L.) Less leaves had moderate-strong antibacterial activity towards S. mutans, P. gingivalis dan E. faecalis bacteria. Strong antibacterial activity is only found at concentrations of 5.5% and 6.5% against S. mutans and E. Faecalis bacteria, and the other concentrations have moderate activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Beluntas leaves on Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Individuals with poor oral health have a greater risk factor for systemic diseases. Caries, periodontal disease, and root canal infections are a common dental and oral diseases caused by dominance of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria (S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and E. faecalis). An alternative way to prevent dental and oral diseases is to use herbal medicine as one of the active ingredients for mouthwash or toothpaste. One of the herbs that can be used is Beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica (L.) Less leaves). The objective of study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Pluchea indica (L.) Less leaves on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory with post test only control design, using disk diffusion method. There were five concentrations (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5%, positive controls, and negative controls. Data analysis was performed using One Way Anova and post Hoc test. Results: The ethanol extract of Pluchea indica (L.) Less leaves has moderate-strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis. The largest diameter of inhibitory zone in Enterococcus faecalis at a concentration of 6.5% followed by Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis at the same concentration and the smallest diameter of inhibition zone in Porphyromonas gingivalis, followed by Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans at 2.5% concentration. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Pluchea indica (L.) Less leaves with a concentration of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5% has antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis.

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Inhibition of namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L.) leaves extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data

<strong>The effect of Indian jujube leaves extract in inhibiting the growth of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em></strong>

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Beluntas leaves on Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis

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