“…In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), ATRA is a potent inducer of APL cell differentiation. However, the therapeutic use of this drug is limited by its toxicity (Siddikuzzaman and Grace, 2012). To solve this problem, several chemotherapeutic drugs such as arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) (Zhao et al, 2001) and fludarabine (Montillo et al, 2009) were used in combination with ATRA.…”