Inhibition of enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes and hypertension by essential oils from peels of orange and lemon

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate and compare the interactions of essential oils from orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) and lemon (Citrus limon) peels on enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin-I-converting enzyme [ACE]). The essential oils were obtained from the peels by hydrodistillation and were passed over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The interaction of the oil on αamylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE activities was subsequently determined. The results revealed that the essential oils inhibited α-amylase and αglucosidase activities. However, lemon peel (IC 50 = 8.16 µg/mL and 7.56 µg/mL) essential oil exhibited stronger inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities compared to orange peels (IC 50 = 11.51 µg/mL and 11.53 µg/mL), respectively. Similarly, both essential oils reduced the activity of ACE. Moreover, lemon peel (IC 50 = 26.17 µg/mL) essential oil showed higher inhibitory effect compared to orange peel (IC 50 = 31.79 µg/mL). Our findings revealed that essential oils from lemon and orange peels are potential antidiabetic and antihypertensive agents. Moreover, essential oil from lemon peels was more potent than orange peels. ARTICLE HISTORY

Suppressive Effects of Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. [Labiatae] Methanolic Extract and Its Fractions on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications

“…This has been attributed to insulin resistance induced stimulation of the angiotensin 1 receptor ( Tuck et al, 2004 ). Stimulation of the angiotensin 1 receptor activates the angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE), thereby causing an elevated level of angiotensin II which is vasoconstrictive ( Oboh et al, 2017 ). The dose-dependent inhibition of ACE by the DCM fraction ( Figure 8 ), therefore indicates a protective effect against hypertension.…”

Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction ofSolanum macrocarponL. leaves on cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic enzyme activities

“…This enzyme plays a very important role in regulating the potential of cell membrane and neuronal impulsiveness by readily pumping Na + and K + against the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane (Wyse et al, ). Nevertheless, this enzyme is altered in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (Oboh, Olasehinde, et al, ). Reducing Na + /K + ATPase activity causes a disruption in the sodium gradient, which brings about the release of neurotransmitters across the cell membrane.…”

“…High angiotensin‐1‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been connected to hypertension, this is because it degrades bradykinins, a peptide that causes blood pressure to fall (a vasodilator) (Je, Park, Kim, & Ahn, ; Oboh, Olasehinde, et al, ). Inhibiting ACE activity by ethyl acetate fraction of S. macrocarpon leaves may have a great effect in lowering blood pressure and overall in the management of hypertension (Figure ).…”

Chemical profile, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities and docking studies of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. and Cymbopogon nervatus (Hochst.) Chiov. from Sudan

“…More than 3,000 plants are known to produce essential oils of which approximately 300 are of commercial importance (Palazzolo, Laudicina, & Germanà, 2013). Studies on essential oils from aromatic plants showed that they exert a broad spectrum of bioactivity owing to the presence of volatile molecules such as terpenes and phenol-derived aromatic and aliphatic components (Adefegha, Olasehinde, & Oboh, 2017;Lawal & Ogunwande, 2013;Oboh, Olasehinde, & Ademosun, 2017). Studies on essential oils from aromatic plants showed that they exert a broad spectrum of bioactivity owing to the presence of volatile molecules such as terpenes and phenol-derived aromatic and aliphatic components (Adefegha, Olasehinde, & Oboh, 2017;Lawal & Ogunwande, 2013;Oboh, Olasehinde, & Ademosun, 2017).…”

“…About 65% of the world's production of essential oils came from developing countries. Studies on essential oils from aromatic plants showed that they exert a broad spectrum of bioactivity owing to the presence of volatile molecules such as terpenes and phenol-derived aromatic and aliphatic components (Adefegha, Olasehinde, & Oboh, 2017;Lawal & Ogunwande, 2013;Oboh, Olasehinde, & Ademosun, 2017).…”