2014
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049759
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Inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase activity by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI II

Abstract: proapoptotic sphingosine (So) and ceramide (Cer). Thus, as central enzymes in modulating the Cer/S1P balance, SKs are attractive targets for cancer therapy ( 1 ). Two SKs exist in humans, SK1 and SK2. SK1 has been extensively studied and there is a large body of evidence that proves its role in promoting cell survival, proliferation, and neoplastic transformation ( 2-5 ). SK1 is also elevated in many human cancers, which appears to contribute to carcinogenesis, chemotherapeutic resistance, and poor patient out… Show more

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Cited by 68 publications
(88 citation statements)
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“…Thus, SK inhibitors [e.g., 2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole, abbreviated as SKi] that inhibit both SK1 and SK2 activity would appear counterproductive (Lim et al 2011b;Loveridge et al 2010;Mielke and Lyketsos 2010). In addition, SKi has been found to increase dihydroceramide levels, possibly by inhibiting dihydroceramide desaturase (Cingolani et al 2014;Loveridge et al 2010). Dihydroceramide might also be linked to autophagy and ER stress, which mediates G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppresses cell proliferation (Gagliostro et al 2012).…”
Section: Neurodegenerative Diseasementioning
confidence: 96%
“…Thus, SK inhibitors [e.g., 2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole, abbreviated as SKi] that inhibit both SK1 and SK2 activity would appear counterproductive (Lim et al 2011b;Loveridge et al 2010;Mielke and Lyketsos 2010). In addition, SKi has been found to increase dihydroceramide levels, possibly by inhibiting dihydroceramide desaturase (Cingolani et al 2014;Loveridge et al 2010). Dihydroceramide might also be linked to autophagy and ER stress, which mediates G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppresses cell proliferation (Gagliostro et al 2012).…”
Section: Neurodegenerative Diseasementioning
confidence: 96%
“…1), in a mode that is thought to be indirect. It has been theorised that SKI-II may inhibit an upstream Des1 activator, such as NADH-cytochrome B5 reductase, leading to loss of Des1 activity [52]. Alternatively, SKI-II may inhibit redox-sensitive Des1 via inducing oxidative stress in cells [80,81].…”
Section: Ski-iimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, recent studies have discovered a number of important off-targets that impact on interpretation of these previous studies. In particular, it was recently discovered that SKI-II inhibits dihydroceramide desaturase (Des1) [44,52,67,68,80] an enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway ( Fig. 1), in a mode that is thought to be indirect.…”
Section: Ski-iimentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Dihydroceramide desaturase is the enzyme that catalyses the formation of ceramide from dihydroceramide. The inhibition of dihydroceramide desaturase by SKi (Cingolani et al, 2014) would therefore lead to the accumulation of dihydroceramide and this appears to induce activation of the proteasome. Consistent with this, the dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitor, fenretinide also promotes the degradation of SK1a in androgenindependent LNCaP-AI prostate cancer cells (unpublished data, McNaughton, Pyne and Pyne).…”
Section: Sk2 and T-all--acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Is The Most Commentioning
confidence: 99%