Inhibition is picky: Shape difference is a necessary condition for attentional inhibition of irrelevant objects

Wühr, Peter; Frings, Christian

doi:10.3758/pbr.16.5.839

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In detail, in all but the identical condition flanker stimuli can be inhibited without any costs. In the identical condition, however, the inhibition of flanker stimuli might harm target processing because the features of the target stimulus are identical to those of the flanker stimuli and might thus inadvertently be targeted by the inhibitory processes (Wühr & Frings, 2009). To allow for successful processing of identical trials, the default operation of inhibiting flanker stimuli must be suspended, which can be regarded a minor task switch.…”

Section: Distinct Costs and Benefits In Identical Flanker Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is more than Interference: Examining the neurohemodynamic correlates of the flanker task with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy

Geißler

Hofmann

Frings

2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Previous functional near‐infrared spectroscopy studies using the Eriksen flanker task, in contrast to functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, revealed the quite puzzling finding of an inverted conflict effect, that is, greater middle and superior frontal activation in response compatible than in response incompatible trials. However, since neither prior functional near‐infrared spectroscopy studies nor most previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies separated between an identical and a compatible condition, it is hard to pinpoint whether this discrepancy occurs on the level of stimulus processing or response generation. By assigning two letters to both left (D, F) and right (J, K) hand reactions, we were able to separate identical (e.g., JJJ) and compatible (e.g., JKJ) conditions that solely differ in their stimulus congruency. Replicating prior functional magnetic resonance imaging findings, we found the standard conflict effect at the transition of superior and middle frontal gyrus, when comparing the activation in compatible trials to that in incompatible trials. Both changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin thus pointed to more effortful processing in incompatible trials. Interestingly, however, identical trials showed the highest activation in this region, according to both changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. A finding that mirrors and extends prior functional near‐infrared spectroscopy findings, which only regarded oxygenated blood. We argue that this pattern of results does not reflect the standard conflict effect. We rather assume that other processes like perceptual familiarity or strategic readjustment might be at play.

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Section: Distinct Costs and Benefits In Identical Flanker Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

It is more than Interference: Examining the neurohemodynamic correlates of the flanker task with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy

Geißler

Hofmann

Frings

2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Don't be afraid of irrelevant words: The emotional Stroop effect is confined to attended words

Frings

Wühr

2012

Cognition & Emotion

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The emotional Stroop effect denotes slower responses to the colour of negative words (e.g., death) compared to neutral words (e.g., mug). Popular explanations assume a general power of negative words to capture visual attention. However, in the typical task, the irrelevant word stimulus and the relevant colour stimulus are perceptually integrated. We compared interference from negative words, which were part of the relevant visual object, to interference from negative words that were part of an irrelevant object, or occurred in the background, respectively. Results showed that only negative words in the relevant object delayed colour-naming responses, compared to neutral words. Negative words outside the relevant object failed to affect performance. This finding is at odds with the claim that negative words could capture spatial or object-based mechanisms of visual attention. However, the finding is consistent with the idea that negative words interfere with the allocation of dimensional attention to different features of an attended object.

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The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

2015

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Negative Priming (NP) is an influential paradigm in cognitive psychology that was originally developed to measure attentional selection. Yet, up to the mid-1990s, a large number of experimental reports questioned whether the NP effect is based on attentional inhibition and/or episodic retrieval processes. In this review, we summarize findings since the mid1990s and discuss new and old theoretical approaches to Negative Priming. We conclude that more than one process contributes to NP and that future research should analyze the conditions under which a particular process contributes to NP. Moreover, we argue that the paradigm -although it does not measure a single cognitive process alone -is still a useful tool for understanding selection in cognition. In fact, it might be a virtue of the paradigm that several cognitive processes work here together as selection in nonexperimental contexts is surely a multidimensional process. From this perspective, research on NP is relevant for all research fields analyzing selection. We therefore close our review by discussing the implications of the new evidence on NP for theories of selective attention.

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Inhibition is picky: Shape difference is a necessary condition for attentional inhibition of irrelevant objects

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

It is more than Interference: Examining the neurohemodynamic correlates of the flanker task with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy

It is more than Interference: Examining the neurohemodynamic correlates of the flanker task with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy

Don't be afraid of irrelevant words: The emotional Stroop effect is confined to attended words

The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention

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