Inhibiting shale hydration and dispersion with amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers

Abstract

Dendrimers have been paid increasing attention in the area of drilling fluid recently due to their unique structure and properties. The inhibitive properties of amine terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers ranging from G0 to G5 were evaluated by relative inhibition rate, shale cuttings hot-rolling dispersion test and particle size distribution measurement respectively. Meanwhile the inhibitive capacity of the polymers under various pH value conditions was studied. The interaction between sodium bentonite and PAMAM dendrimers was characterized by zeta potential measurement and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that, G0 and G5 are superior to polyether diamine, while G1, G2, G3 and G4 perform better than KCl. PAMAM dendrimers from G0 to G5 can decrease the zeta potential of clay particles from-39 mV to about-22.6 mV at natural pH values and reverse the charge when the pH value is adjusted to 9. When intercalated into the clay interlayer in aqueous solution, the candidate PAMAM dendrimers can form monolayer arrangement at lower concentrations and reduce the interlayer spacing of hydrated clay from 1.95 nm to 1.38-1.63 nm, which is the direct evidence of inhibiting shale hydration. With the increase of

Zwitterionic Polymer P(AM-DMC-AMPS) as a Low-Molecular-Weight Encapsulator in Deepwater Drilling Fluid

“…After hot rolling for 16 h, the solution containing shale samples were screened with a 40-mesh sieve. The remaining shale samples were dried at 105 • C for 4 h, and then weighed, and the recovery rate was determined [14,16].…”

“…Owing to the development of a novel hydration inhibitor along with the use of encapsulator, the novel WBDF can achieve comparable shale inhibition to SBDF. Generally, the encapsulators for WBDF were the high-molecular-weight amide polymers, such as PHPA, polyacrylamide (PAM), and particular zwitterionic polymer [3,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. They can form multi-point adsorption on the surface of clay particles on the wellbore by hydrogen bonding interaction of -CONH 2 and other adsorption groups, and bridge the surrounding clay particles together and wrap them, thus preventing the dispersion and exfoliation of clay particles [13].…”

Study of 4, 4′-methylenebis-cyclohexanamine as a high temperature-resistant shale inhibitor

“…Mass of 8 g sodium bentonite was dispersed in 400 mL deionized water and stirred for at least 24 h, and then shale inhibitors ranging from 0.20 to 8.00 g were added into the dispersion and stirred for another 24 h as reported previously [22]; then, the mixture was centrifuged at 8000 r min -1 for 20 min and washed three times to remove the un-adsorbed polymers. After centrifugation, the sedimentation was collected.…”

A polymer microsphere emulsion as a high-performance shale stabilizer for water-based drilling fluids

“…Water-shale interactions may result in shale swelling and dispersion. 30,31 Hence, improving the shale hydration inhibition of WDFs is also the goal of researchers. Consequently, hunting for a novel high-performance shale stabilizer in combination with achieving plugging and hydration inhibition properties is a more valuable research issue.…”