Inguinoscrotal stage of testicular descent: analysis in 217 human fetuses

Benzi, Tatiana Silva Costa Gregory; Costa, Waldemar S.; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.; Favorito, Luciano A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.01.016

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ultrasonic results in our study revealed that 68.6% (118/172) of nubbins were outside the external inguinal ring. An anatomical study of 217 fetuses by Benzi et al ( 20 ) showed that the inguinal-scrotal phase is a very rapid process, usually established in only 1–4 weeks. This helps explain why nubbins are more common near the scrotum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular regression syndrome: A retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathological features in 570 cases

Wen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and pathological findings of the largest reported case series of testicular regression syndrome (TRS). Data, including age, affected side, color Doppler ultrasound results, surgical methods, intraoperative conditions, and pathological examinations, of children with unilateral TRS who were treated in our center from December 2012 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 570 patients were included in this study. The mean age at surgery was 38 (range, 5–193) months. There were 457 cases (80.2%) of left TRS. Preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography found nubbins in 172 cases (30.2%). The long diameter of the contralateral testis was 17.11 (±4.22) mm, and the volume was 0.81 (±1.15) ml. The long diameter was ≥1.6 cm in 62.0% of the patients (240/387) aged ≤3 years. Laparoscopy was performed as the initial surgical step in 513 cases, of which 96.7% of the children had closed internal rings. One or more lesions of fibrosis, hemosiderin, and calcification were found in 92.4% (474/513) of the excised remnants. Germ cells were present in 16 cases (3.1%). In conclusion, TRS is more common on the left side and is usually accompanied by a closed internal ring and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral testis. Germ cells are only present in cases where the spermatic vessels enters the internal ring. We recommend that further exploration and excision of the remnants may not be applicable in cases where only the vas deferens has entered the internal ring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular regression syndrome: A retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathological features in 570 cases

Wen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…The current theory generally focuses on hormonal aspects and divides testicular descent into two functional phases: the “transabdominal phase” with the migration of the testis from the abdomen to the internal inguinal canal and the “inguinoscrotal phase,” where the testis enters the inguinal canal to reach the bottom of the scrotum [24,77,78]. These findings largely originate from animal models, but the main steps can also be demonstrated in humans in accordance with the widely accepted two‐phases theory [79,80].…”

Section: Testicular Developmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Inguinoscrotal phase -The subsequent migration through the inguinal canal and further down to the bottom of the scrotum occurs between 25 and 35 weeks of gestation [78][79][80].…”

Section: Testicular Descentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical aspects of histological and hormonal parameters in boys with cryptorchidism

Hildorf

2022

APMIS

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“…The passage of the testis through the inguinal canal occurs very quickly between 21 and 25 WPC (1-4). In a recent paper with more than 240 human male fetuses studied shows that all the fetuses older than 30 weeks already had the testes in the scrotum (22). Other authors, however, report that the testicular migration is only completed after the 32nd week post-conception (1-3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%