Infrasonic imaging of the Kunlun Mountains for the great 2001 China earthquake

Pichon, Alexis Le; Guilbert, J.; Vallée, Martin; Dessa, Jean‐Xavier; Munkhuu, Ulziibat

doi:10.1029/2003gl017581

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Although continuous acoustic radiation coupled with the land surface has not been isolated in records from infrasound arrays, the ground-to-air coupling of higher amplitude earthquake-generated surface waves in mountainous terrain has often been observed at arrays distant to these sources (Young and Greene, 1982;Le Pichon et al, 2002;Le Pichon et al, 2003;Le Pichon et al, 2006;Arrowsmith et al, 2009). For example, a magnitude (M L ) 4.3 earthquake occurred on 28 April 2007 near Folkestone, UK, in a region of relatively subdued topography.…”

Section: Infrasonic Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Hagstrum

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYResults from an acoustic ray-tracing program using daily meteorological profiles are presented to explain ʻrelease-site biasesʼ for homing pigeons at three experimental sites in upstate New York where W. T. Keeton and his co-workers at Cornell University conducted extensive releases between 1968 and 1987 in their investigations of the avian navigational ʻmapʼ. The sites are the Jersey Hill and Castor Hill fire towers, and another near Weedsport, where control pigeons from the Cornell loft vanished in random directions, in directions consistently >50deg clockwise and in directions ~15deg clockwise from the homeward bearing, respectively. Because Cornell pigeons were disoriented at Jersey Hill whereas birds from other lofts were not, it is inferred that Jersey Hill lies within an acoustic ʻshadowʼ zone relative to infrasonic signals originating from the Cornell loftʼs vicinity. Such signals could arise from ground-to-air coupling of near-continuous microseisms, or from scattering of direct microbaroms off terrain features, both of which are initially generated by wave-wave interactions in the deep ocean. HARPA runs show that little or no infrasound from the loft area arrived at Jersey Hill on days when Cornell pigeons were disoriented there, and that homeward infrasonic signals could have arrived at all three sites from directions consistent with pigeon departure bearings, especially on days when these bearings were unusual. The general stability of release-site biases might be due to influences of terrain on transmission of the homeward signals under prevailing weather patterns, whereas short-term changes in biases might be caused by rapid shifts in atmospheric conditions. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Infrasonic Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Hagstrum

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Near the epicenter, the vertical displacement of the seismic waves generates ground-coupled air waves (Le Pichon et al, 2003). At greater distances, infrasound is generated by the…”

Section: Determination Of the Approximate Start Time Of The Avalanchementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland

Pérez-Guillén

Tapia

Furdada

et al. 2014

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Please cite this article as: Pérez-Guillén, C., Tapia, M., Furdada, G., Suriñach, E., McElwaine, J.N., Steinkogler, W., Hiller, M., Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland, Cold Regions Science and Technology (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractSnow avalanches are moving sources of infrasonic and seismic energy. They can be triggered by many different mechanisms that include the shaking produced by earthquakes. The forces induced by an earthquake can cause an increase in the load down the slope and can also decrease the shear strength and both effects can cause the release of an avalanche. This phenomenon represents an important hazard associated with earthquakes in snow-covered mountain areas with high seismicity.On 6 December 2010 a snow avalanche was released at the experimental site of Vallée de la Sionne (VDLS) in Switzerland seconds after a local earthquake of magnitude A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 M L 3.1 with the hypocenter in France, approximately 43 km from the avalanche starting zone. The seismic and infrasound signals generated by the earthquake and the snow avalanche were recorded by an array of sensors installed at VDLS. This paper analyses these data and shows that the avalanche was possibly triggered by the earthquake. This analysis also allows us to determine the characteristics of the avalanche (type and path).The infrasound data shows that the time of the avalanche release coincided with the arrival of the seismic waves of the earthquake. We calculate the values of the ground vibration parameters (PGD, PGV, PGA, PSA, I a and TD) measured at the release area of the avalanche and compare them with those of two other earthquakes that did not trigger an avalanche. To evaluate the influence of the snowpack stratigraphy with the effectiveness of the earthquakes to trigger an avalanche, we simulate the snow cover using the one-dimensional snow cover model SNOWPACK. The weather and snow cover conditions of the days on which these events occurred are compared and used to evaluate the snowpack stability and the consequent likelihood of avalanche activity. The snowpack stability is the primary factor that determines whether an avalanche may be triggered by minor earthquakes. We conclude that when the snowpack is only marginally stable then the displacement caused by even a small earthquake could be enough to trigger an avalanche. Furthermore, the analysis of the other two, even stronger...

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“…The infrasound is then propagated through the atmosphere to the infrasonic station at a mean signal speed of about 300 m/s, and travels through the station area [1,[6][7][8]. Diffracted infrasound is associated with the passage of seismic surface waves through an area of extreme topography such as mountains or cliffs [2,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrasonic Signals Associated with the Aftershocks of LuShan Earthquake of April 20^th, 2013

Zhu

et al. 2014

Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control

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On April 20th, 2013, a strong earthquake (Ms 7.0, depth of 13 km) occurred in LuShan County, Southwestern Sichuan province, China, followed by a series of aftershocks (Ms = 3.0~5.4). Infrasonic waves associated with the earthquake were detected and recorded by a digital infrasound recording system in our lab located in Chengdu city. Fourier analysis was used to determine the amplitude and frequency characteristics of each infrasonic recording. A certain frequency distribution range was clearly identified in the spectrograms of all analyzed shocks. Furthermore, a logarithm regression relation is also found between aftershock magnitude and peak value of corresponding infrasound events in amplitude spectra based on analysis results of more than 30 observed events. This study presents a data set and an empirical relationship. This relationship requires additional testing with observations from other earthquake aftershock sequences. These results improve our understanding of local infrasound produced by the coupling of earth surface motion to the atmosphere.

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Infrasonic imaging of the Kunlun Mountains for the great 2001 China earthquake

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland

Infrasonic Signals Associated with the Aftershocks of LuShan Earthquake of April 20^th, 2013

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Infrasonic imaging of the Kunlun Mountains for the great 2001 China earthquake

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues

Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland

Infrasonic Signals Associated with the Aftershocks of LuShan Earthquake of April 20th, 2013

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Infrasonic Signals Associated with the Aftershocks of LuShan Earthquake of April 20^th, 2013