Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018

Zhang, Hewei; Porter, Elizabeth; Lohman, Molly; Lu, Nanyan; Peddireddi, Lalitha; Hanzlicek, Gregg; Marthaler, Douglas; Liu, Xuming; Bai, Jianfa

doi:10.3201/eid2410.180589

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This was the first report of influenza C virus (ICV) in Canadian cattle. Interestingly, the detections were from cattle without respiratory disease, which was inconsistent with the report from the United States that ICV was detected in cattle with respiratory disease (Zhang et al, ). Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of ICV infection in cattle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Zhang

Hill

Fernando

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

116

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes considerable economic losses in North America. The pathogenesis involves interactions between bacteria, viruses, environment and management factors. Primary viral infection can increase the risk of secondary fatal bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to use metagenomic sequencing to characterize the respiratory viromes of paired nasal swabs and tracheal washes from western Canadian feedlot cattle, with or without BRD. A total of 116 cattle (116 nasal swabs and 116 tracheal washes) were analysed. The presence of influenza D virus (IDV), bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV), bovine coronavirus (BCV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was associated with BRD. Agreement between identification of viruses in nasal swabs and tracheal washes was generally weak, indicating that sampling location may affect detection of infection. This study reported several viruses for the first time in Canada and provides a basis for further studies investigating candidate viruses important to the prevention of BRD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Zhang

Hill

Fernando

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

116

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“…Influenza C virus (ICV) is lesser known type of influenza virus that commonly causes cold-like symptoms and sometimes causes lower respiratory infection, especially in children <2 years of age [1]. ICV is mainly a human pathogen; however, the virus has been detected in pigs, dogs, and cattle, and rare swine-human transmission has been reported [2][3][4][5][6]. ICV seropositivity has been found to be as high as 90% by 7-10 years of age, suggesting that most people are exposed to influenza C virus at least once during childhood [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Sederdahl

Williams

2020

Viruses

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Influenza C virus (ICV) is a common yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory illness. ICV seropositivity has been found to be as high as 90% by 7-10 years of age, suggesting that most people are exposed to ICV at least once during childhood. Due to difficulty detecting ICV by cell culture, epidemiologic studies of ICV likely have underestimated the burden of ICV infection and disease. Recent development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiologic studies that provide further insights into the prevalence, seasonality, and course of ICV infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ICV.

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“…In 2016, a second orthomyxovirus, influenza C virus (ICV), was detected in cattle with BRD in the midwestern USA ( Zhang et al, 2018a , 2018b ). ICV was previously unknown to infect cattle, and it is uncertain how long ICV has existed in the cattle population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the potential role of ICV in disease in cattle is in its infancy. ICV was first identified in animals with BRD ( Zhang et al, 2018a ), suggesting that ICV may have an associative role in BRD. However, a recent retrospect case-control metagenomics study of feedlot cattle respiratory tract samples found no association between cattle with BRD and corresponding samples with reads mapping to ICV ( Zhang et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza C and D viral load in cattle correlates with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): Emerging role of orthomyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of BRD

et al. 2020

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the costliest disease affecting the cattle industry globally. Orthomyxoviruses, influenza C virus (ICV) and influenza D virus (IDV) have recently been implicated to play a role in BRD. However, there are contradicting reports about the association of IDV and ICV to BRD. Using the largest cohort study (cattle, n = 599) to date we investigated the association of influenza viruses in cattle with BRD. Cattle were scored for respiratory symptoms and pooled nasal and pharyngeal swabs were tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, ICV and IDV by real-time PCR. Cattle that have higher viral loads of IDV and ICV also have greater numbers of co-infecting viruses than controls. More strikingly, 2 logs higher IDV viral RNA in BRD-symptomatic cattle that are co-infected animals than those infected with IDV alone. Our results strongly suggest that ICV and IDV may be significant contributors to BRD.

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Influenza C Virus in Cattle with Respiratory Disease, United States, 2016–2018

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Influenza C and D viral load in cattle correlates with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): Emerging role of orthomyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of BRD

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