Influenza-associated mortality in 2009 in four sentinel sites in Bangladesh

Homaira, Nusrat; Luby, Stephen P.; Alamgir, A. S. M.; Islam, Kamrul; Paul, Repon C.; Abedin, Jaynal; Rahman, Mustafizur; Azim, Tasnim; Podder, Goutam; Sohel, Badrul Munir; Brooks, Abdullah; Fry, Alicia M.; Widdowson, Marc‐Alain; Bresee, Joseph S.; Rahman, Mahmudur; Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo

doi:10.2471/blt.11.095653

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First, there is a possibility that many sARI cases in the study population may not have been hospitalized. In a study from Bangladesh, only 11% patients who died within 2 weeks of developing ILI died in hospitals . Second, mortality rates also depend on patient age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines

Tallo

Kamigaki

Tan

et al. 2014

Influenza Resp Viruses

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ObjectivesAlthough the public health significance of influenza in regions with a temperate climate has been widely recognized, information on influenza burden in tropical countries, including the Philippines, remains limited. We aimed to estimate influenza incidence rates for both outpatients and inpatients then characterized their demographic features.DesignAn enhanced surveillance was performed from January 2009 to December 2011 in an urbanized highland city. The influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance involved all city health centers and an outpatient department of a tertiary government hospital. The severe acute respiratory infection (sARI) surveillance was also conducted with one government and four private hospitals since April 2009. Nasal and/or oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for influenza A, influenza B, and respiratory syncytial virus.Results and ConclusionsWe obtained 5915 specimens from 13 002 ILI cases and 2656 specimens from 10 726 sARI cases throughout the study period. We observed year-round influenza activity with two possible peaks each year. The overall influenza detection rate was 23% in the ILI surveillance and 9% in the sARI surveillance. The mean annual outpatient incidence rate of influenza was 5·4 per 1000 individuals [95% confidence interval (CI), 1·83–12·7], and the mean annual incidence of influenza-associated sARI was 1·0 per 1000 individuals (95% CI, 0·03–5·57). The highest incidence rates were observed among children aged <5 years, particularly those aged 6–23 months. Influenza posed a certain disease burden among inpatients and outpatients, particularly children aged <5 years, in an urbanized tropical city of the Philippines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines

Tallo

Kamigaki

Tan

et al. 2014

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…aIncome level in 2009 [28].bUnderlying cause of mortality: AC, all cause; CR, cardiorespiratory (ICD-10 I and J codes); R, respiratory (ICD-10 J codes).cStandard request was for age groupings: 0–4, 5–14, 15–44, 45–64, 65–84, and ≥85 y of age.dDid not include influenza with pneumonia.eData from multiple surveillance settings representing rural and urban areas across China [14].fRespiratory mortality estimated by Netherlands team based on estimated all-cause pandemic mortality [13].gRespiratory mortality estimated by Bangladesh team using a novel method combining virology surveillance and verbal autopsy data [45].NA, not available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Mortality Estimates for the 2009 Influenza Pandemic from the GLaMOR Project: A Modeling Study

Simonsen

Spreeuwenberg

Lustig³

et al. 2013

PLoS Med

413

372

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“…China is a middle‐income country with a population estimated at about 1·3 billion, with important health and geographical variation. Reliable estimates of deaths attributable to A(H1N1)pdm are needed to better understand the pandemic impact not only in China but also globally, as information on pandemic burden in low‐ and middle‐income regions remains scarce . Further, comparison of pandemic estimates with data for typical influenza seasons is important to place this pandemic in its historical context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variation in mortality impact of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic in China

Feng

Viboud

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundLaboratory‐confirmed deaths grossly underestimate influenza mortality burden, so that reliable burden estimates are derived from indirect statistical studies, which are scarce in low‐ and middle‐income settings.ObjectivesHere, we used statistical excess mortality models to estimate the burden of seasonal and pandemic influenza in China.MethodsWe modeled data from a nationally representative population‐based death registration system, combined with influenza virological surveillance data, to estimate influenza‐associated excess mortality for the 2004–2005 through 2009–2010 seasons, by age and region.ResultsThe A(H1N1) pandemic was associated with 11·4–12·1 excess respiratory and circulatory (R&C) deaths per 100 000 population in rural sites of northern and southern China during 2009–2010; these rates were 2·2–2·8 times higher than those of urban sites (P < 0·01). Influenza B accounted for a larger proportion of deaths than pandemic A(H1N1) in 2009–2010 in some regions. Nationally, we attribute 126 200 (95% CI, 61 000–248 400) excess R&C deaths (rate of 9·4/100 000) and 2 323 000 (1 166 000–4 533 000) years of life lost (YLL) to the first year of A(H1N1)pdm circulation.ConclusionsThe A(H1N1) pandemic posed a mortality and YLL burden comparable to that of interpandemic influenza in China. Our high burden estimates in rural areas highlight the need to enhance epidemiological surveillance and healthcare services, in underdeveloped and remote areas.

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Influenza-associated mortality in 2009 in four sentinel sites in Bangladesh

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines

Estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the Philippines

Global Mortality Estimates for the 2009 Influenza Pandemic from the GLaMOR Project: A Modeling Study

Regional variation in mortality impact of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic in China

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