Influência do Substrato na Produção de Mudas de Espécies Medicinais

Abstract

Recebido em novembro/2014; Aceito em março/2015. RESUMO:Uma das problemáticas para a produção de mudas de espécies florestais em larga escala é seu crescimento, na maioria das vezes, lento e desuniforme, mesmo utilizando substratos indicados para a área florestal. Dessa forma, objetivou-se analisar, em casa de vegetação, a influência do substrato comercial Basaplant® no crescimento e na nutrição de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. e de Genipa americana L. O experimento foi disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições: T1 -100% solo; T2 -100% Basaplant®; T3 -75% solo + 25% Basaplant®; T4 -50% solo + 50% Basaplant®; T5 -75% Basaplant® + 25% solo; T6 -60% solo + 40% Basaplant®; T7 -60% Basaplant® + 40% solo. As mudas foram produzidas e ao atingiram 10 cm foram transplantadas para tubetes de 280 cm³ contendo os tratamentos testados. Após 120 dias determinou-se: altura, diâmetro, biomassa e, concentrações de macro e de micronutrientes. Verificando-se que o crescimento das espécies foi pouco influenciado pelo Basaplant®. Porém, as combinações de substratos influenciaram na nutrição das mudas de ambas as espécies, com Mg, Fe e Mn em concentrações adequadas; K e de B a níveis muito elevados e; N, P, Ca, S, Cu e de Zn abaixo do adequado. Palavras-chave: Copaifera langsdorffii, Genipa americana, viveiro, nutrição. ABSTRACT:One of the problems for forest species seedlings production on a large scale is its growth, in most cases, slow and uneven, even using substrates indicated for the forest area. The objective of this study was to analyze, in a greenhouse, the influence of the commercial substrate Basaplant® on growth and nutrition of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. and Genipa americana L. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications: were grown and reached 10 cm were transplanted to tubes of 280 cm³ containing the tested treatments. After 120 days was determined height, diameter, biomass and, concentrations of macro and micronutrients. Was verified that the growth of the species was little influenced by Basaplant®. However, substrates combinations influenced the nutrition of both species, with Mg, Fe and Mn in appropriate concentrations; K and B at high levels; N, P, Ca, S, Zn and Cu under the adequate.

Soil Classes and Regional Organic Residues Affect Nutrition, Morpho-Physiology and Quality of Copaiba Seedlings

“…The growth of the root collar (RC) diameter of copaiba seedlings was also greater in the treatment with carnauba residue (2.97 mm), as seen in Table 4. The same value was found by Vieira and Weber (2015) in copaiba seedlings 120 days after transplanting to tubes with 60% Basaplant® and 40% soil. Taking into account the values of the root collar diameter recommended by Xavier et al (2009), above 2 mm for forest species seedlings, all treatments resulted in seedlings that were appropriate to plant in the field.…”

“…However, goat manure presented the lowest quantity of phosphorus among the residues evaluated (Table 1). Much lower values were found by Vieira and Weber (2015), where the highest mean of P in copaiba seedlings at 120 days was 0.47 g . kg -1 when testing substrates constituted by different proportions of soil and commercial substrate Basaplant®.…”

“…All contents are adequate, according to Malavolta et al (1997), who presented as reference for forest species values between 1.5-5.0 g . kg -1 for Mg. Vieira and Weber et al (2015) found, 120 days after transplantation, values between 1.07-1.97 g . kg -1 of Mg in the aerial part of copaiba seedlings cultivated in a substrate with different percentages of Basaplant®.…”

“…Potassium (K) was the second nutrient most absorbed by the copaiba seedlings. Differently, Vieira and Weber (2015) observed that K was the nutrient most required by the copaiba seedlings. According to Gondim et al (2016), the plants at an initial phase of development present intense metabolic activity, thus requiring a higher amount of K.…”

Effect of spacing on volume, form factor and taper for Pinus taeda trees in Paraná, Brazil

“…Indirect scaling is cheaper than direct scaling and can be done by using a Wheeler's pentaprism, a Bitterlich relascope, a Barr dendrometer, or a Criterion, for example (Nicoletti et al 2012). Studies assessed indirect scaling using Criterion RD 1000 compared with direct measurements and observed that indirect scaling is reliable and introduces no tendency to the results (Curto et al 2019;Nicoletti et al 2015b;. For example, Nicoletti et al (2015a) compared indirect measurements from the optical dendrometer Criterion 400 and RC3H with direct measurements from destructive scaling and found that indirect scaling was reliable, and that Criterion 400 was the most dependable instrument.…”