Influence of Water Content and Temperature on Stability of W/O Crude Oil Emulsion

Xu, Bolei; Kang, Wanli; Wang, X.; Meng, Lingwei

doi:10.1080/10916466.2010.551812

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Instability phenomena are also observed much quicker and simpler when using this tool rather than the classical techniques . Xu et al performed electrical microscope analysis to investigate the stability of water/oil emulsions. The emulsion behaviours were monitored by an electrical microscope in order to take the amplified images of the microscopic configuration and to determine the type of created emulsions.…”

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability analysis was performed via interpreting the variation in the backscattering (

normalΔ

BS) profiles, according to the following formula:

B S \approx \frac{1}{\sqrt{λ^{*}}}

where

λ^{*}

stands for the photon transport mean free path. To conduct the dispersion analysis, one needs to know the value of

λ^{*} true(Φ, d true)

, which can be calculated using the following relationship:

λ^{*} true(Φ, d true) = \frac{2 d}{3 Φ true(1 - g true) Q_{s}}

where

Φ

represents the particle volume fraction, d refers to the droplet mean diameter, and g(d) and Q S introduce the optical parameters. The backscattering data were used to generate

Δ B S

profiles by means of the Turbiscan EasySoft Converter.…”

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The backscattering data were used to generate

Δ B S

profiles by means of the Turbiscan EasySoft Converter. The Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) parameter was utilized to assess the stability of emulsion, as follows:

T S I = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(x_{i} - x_{B S})}^{2}}{n - 1}}

where

x_{i}

denotes the average BS,

x_{B S}

represents the average

x_{i}

, and n indicates the number of scans. Large values of TSI correspond to unstable emulsions.…”

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Review on Emulsions and Emulsion Stability in Chemical and Energy Industries

2018

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Emulsion refers to a mixture that includes two or more liquid phases. The uses of emulsions are found in several chemical, energy, and environmental industries such as the food, health care, chemical synthesis, and firefighting sectors. Water‐in‐oil emulsions are formed spontaneously during oil production when oil and water are mixed together and in the presence of asphaltene as a naturally occurring surfactant. For operational and economic reasons, oil emulsions need to be treated to recover both oil and water phases. To develop more efficient emulsion treatments, it is essential to have a better understanding of the factors that affect emulsion formation and stability. The droplet size variation is an important parameter that influences the stability and rheological characteristics of the emulsions. In addition, the available interfacial area for any possible chemical reactions might affect the behaviours and properties of the emulsions in various transport phenomena systems. The adequate knowledge of the factors and mechanisms affecting the droplet size and emulsion stability still needs further engineering and research activities. This study is aimed to provide a comprehensive literature review on the formation of water/oil emulsions and their stability in various physical systems (e.g., pipeline networks and porous media). In this review, fundamental aspects of emulsions, emulsion formation mechanisms, analytical models, and numerical solutions for the description and characterization of the behaviours of emulsions in porous media and/or separators are discussed. The effects of different fluid properties, physical model characteristics, and operational conditions on emulsion behaviours are studied. This paper also summarizes the previous experimental and modelling studies and methodologies with a focus on reliable laboratory equipment/tools and simulation and modelling packages/strategies for the investigation of emulsion stability and droplet size distribution where a systematic parametric sensitivity analysis to study various effects of important thermodynamic, process, and medium properties on the targeted variables is conducted. This review manuscript provides useful guidelines to characterize and model emulsions and their behaviours in different industrial sectors, which will considerably help to conduct better design and optimal operation of corresponding equipment.

show abstract

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability analysis was performed via interpreting the variation in the backscattering (

normalΔ

BS) profiles, according to the following formula:

B S \approx \frac{1}{\sqrt{λ^{*}}}

where

λ^{*}

stands for the photon transport mean free path. To conduct the dispersion analysis, one needs to know the value of

λ^{*} true(Φ, d true)

, which can be calculated using the following relationship:

λ^{*} true(Φ, d true) = \frac{2 d}{3 Φ true(1 - g true) Q_{s}}

where

Φ

represents the particle volume fraction, d refers to the droplet mean diameter, and g(d) and Q S introduce the optical parameters. The backscattering data were used to generate

Δ B S

profiles by means of the Turbiscan EasySoft Converter.…”

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The backscattering data were used to generate

Δ B S

profiles by means of the Turbiscan EasySoft Converter. The Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) parameter was utilized to assess the stability of emulsion, as follows:

T S I = \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {(x_{i} - x_{B S})}^{2}}{n - 1}}

where

x_{i}

denotes the average BS,

x_{B S}

represents the average

x_{i}

, and n indicates the number of scans. Large values of TSI correspond to unstable emulsions.…”

Section: Characterization Tools/methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comprehensive Review on Emulsions and Emulsion Stability in Chemical and Energy Industries

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional investigation focused on non-dilute systems should be encouraged. In this case, the use of more specialized equipment able to deal with opaque mixtures is mandatory such as those based on the infrared transmission and backscattering spectroscopy (Xu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Brazilian Journal Of Chemical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Content, Temperature and Average Droplet Size on the Settling Velocity of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Souza

Santos

Cruz

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are complex mixtures generally found in crude oil production in reservoirs and processing equipment. Sedimentation studies of water-oil emulsions enable the analysis of the fluid dynamic behavior concerning separation of this system composed of two immiscible liquids. Gravitational settling was evaluated in this article for a model emulsion system consisting of water and a Brazilian crude oil diluted in a clear mineral oil as organic phase. The effects of water content and temperature were considered in the study of sedimentation velocity of water-oil emulsions. Water contents between 10% and 50 % and temperatures of 25, 40 and 60 °C were evaluated, and a Richardson-Zaki type correlation was obtained to calculate settling velocities as a function of the process variables investigated. Water contents and average droplet sizes were monitored at different levels in the settling equipment, thus enabling identification of the effect of these variables on the phenomena of sedimentation and coalescence of the emulsions studied. The results showed that the emulsion stability during sedimentation was governed by the emulsion water content, which yielded high settling velocities at low water contents, even when very small droplets were present. A quantitative analysis of the combined effects of drop size and droplet concentration supports the conclusion that a stronger effect is produced by the higher concentration of particles, compared with the relatively smaller effect of increasing the size of the droplets.

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“…Then, Ostwald ripening might not be the cause of the increase in size of the emulsion. Moreover, it has been shown for other water‐oil systems that an increase of the temperature implies the coalescence of droplets , due to a decrease of the viscosity . The observed evolution of the size of the emulsion might thus be explained by a coalescence phenomenon induced by the decrease in viscosity caused by the temperature increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Process Parameters on an Inverse Concentrated Miniemulsion Flowing in a Microchannel

et al. 2018

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Emulsions are of great industrial interest due to their wide variety and end‐use properties. Microfluidics systems provide excellent control of transport phenomena. Hence, the influence of operating parameters on a concentrated inverse miniemulsion flowing in a microfluidic system was investigated. The feasibility of maintaining the emulsion in a microfluidic device was clearly demonstrated and the associated operating domain identified. Due to its influence on rheology, the effect of temperature on the droplet size distribution was quantified. Under specific conditions, a mass transfer phenomenon between the train of water drops and the smallest droplets of the emulsion was found, potentially explained by a difference in osmotic pressure between the two aqueous phases.

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Influence of Water Content and Temperature on Stability of W/O Crude Oil Emulsion

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Emulsions and Emulsion Stability in Chemical and Energy Industries

A Comprehensive Review on Emulsions and Emulsion Stability in Chemical and Energy Industries

Effect of Water Content, Temperature and Average Droplet Size on the Settling Velocity of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Effects of Process Parameters on an Inverse Concentrated Miniemulsion Flowing in a Microchannel

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