Influence of the ultrasound transducer bandwidth on selection of the complementary Golay bit code length

Nowicki, Andrzej; Trots, Ihor; Lewin, Peter A.; Secomski, Wojciech; Tymkiewicz, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2007.07.003

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This method employs two codes of the same length N whose autocorrelation functions have side lobes equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. The side lobe summation results in an autocorrelation function with a peak of 2N and zero side lobes[13]. The Barker code method, a discrete phase modulation technique, has an autocorrelation function peak of N and the side-lobe level falls between 1 and −1.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design tradeoff in reducing the side lobes may be a widening of the main lobe and a decrease in SNR. For design guidelines on coded excitation, the reader is referred to the articles by Nowicki [12-13], O’Donnell [14], and Misaridis and Jensen [15-16]. …”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To visualize the anterior segment of the eye, a 20 MHz VARS transducer was placed above sclera spur. The setup was similar to that used for the phantom wire experiment, except that chirp coded excitation was used [12-13]. The function generator (AFG3251, Tektronix, Beaverton, OR, USA) was combined with a power amplifier (75A250A, Amplifier Research, Souderton, PA), to serve as an arbitrary pulse generator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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20 MHz forward-imaging single-element beam steering with an internal rotating variable-angle reflecting surface: Wire phantom and ex vivo pilot study

Raphael

Park

et al. 2013

Ultrasonics

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Feasibility is demonstrated for a forward-imaging beam steering system involving a single-element 20 MHz angled-face acoustic transducer combined with an internal rotating variable-angle reflecting surface (VARS). Rotation of the VARS structure, for a fixed position of the transducer, generates a 2-D angular sector scan. If these VARS revolutions were to be accompanied by successive rotations of the single-element transducer, 3-D imaging would be achieved. In the design of this device, a single-element 20 MHz PMN-PT press-focused angled-face transducer is focused on the circle of midpoints of a micro-machined VARS within the distal end of an endoscope. The 2-D imaging system was tested in water bath experiments with phantom wire structures at a depth of 10 mm, and exhibited an axial resolution of 66 μm and a lateral resolution of 520 μm. Chirp coded excitation was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, and to increase the depth of penetration. Images of an ex vivo cow eye were obtained. This VARS-based approach offers a novel forward-looking beam-steering method, which could be useful in intra-cavity imaging.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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20 MHz forward-imaging single-element beam steering with an internal rotating variable-angle reflecting surface: Wire phantom and ex vivo pilot study

Raphael

Park

et al. 2013

Ultrasonics

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“…Using half-cycle (HC) sinusoids generates a very similar GC without sidelobes, as expected from a binary sequence. The benefit of employing FC carrier waves is discussed by Nowicki et al [29]. However, it should be mentioned that the use of HC can be advantageous depending on the application [30].…”

Section: Design Of Weakly Correlated (Mismatched) Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frame-Rate Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging Using Mismatched Coded Excitation Waveform Engineering: A Feasibility Study

Lashkari

Zhang

Mandelis

2016

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Mismatched coded excitation (CE) can be employed to increase the frame rate of synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging. The high autocorrelation and low cross correlation (CC) of transmitted signals enables the identification and separation of signal sources at the receiver. Thus, the method provides B-mode imaging with simultaneous transmission from several elements and capability of spatial decoding of the transmitted signals, which makes the imaging process equivalent to consecutive transmissions. Each transmission generates its own image and the combination of all the images results in an image with a high lateral resolution. In this paper, we introduce two different methods for generating multiple mismatched CEs with an identical frequency bandwidth and code length. Therefore, the proposed families of mismatched CEs are able to generate similar resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. The application of these methods is demonstrated experimentally. Furthermore, several techniques are suggested that can be used to reduce the CC between the mismatched codes.

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“…Moreover, the transfer function of the probes (often quite irregular) is generally better approximated by a bell-shape than by a rectangular function. The spectra of binary sequences thus do not fit very This enables a limited spectral shaping [33]. The easiest solution is to replace each +1 with the subsequence ( + 1, −1) and each −1 with the opposite subsequence ( − 1, +1), so achieving a band-pass behavior.…”

Section: Example 45 (Generation Of Maximum Length Sequences)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation and Deconvolution in Ultrasound Nondestructive Testing Systems

Caporale

Callegari

Hutchins

et al. 2014

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems

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The pulse-echo (PuE) model based on short pulses is introduced as a starting point. Its limits in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are reviewed, together with the tradeoff between the excitation energy and the time resolution. It is shown how signal processing can improve the overall performance in terms of system sensitivity and resolution as long as the exciting waveform is chosen taking into account the system characteristics and is in agreement with the adopted processing techniques. The degrees of freedom on which one can operate are the time evolution law of the excitation signal and the processing technique adopted on the receiving end. In their exploitation, the designer should consider the physical characteristics of the hardware devices being employed in order to optimize the overall performance. The importance of introducing merit factors is discussed. By offering a quantitative measure of system performance, they are indispensable tools to drive formal optimization S. Caporale ( )

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Influence of the ultrasound transducer bandwidth on selection of the complementary Golay bit code length

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

20 MHz forward-imaging single-element beam steering with an internal rotating variable-angle reflecting surface: Wire phantom and ex vivo pilot study

20 MHz forward-imaging single-element beam steering with an internal rotating variable-angle reflecting surface: Wire phantom and ex vivo pilot study

High-Frame-Rate Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging Using Mismatched Coded Excitation Waveform Engineering: A Feasibility Study

Excitation and Deconvolution in Ultrasound Nondestructive Testing Systems

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