Influence of surface treatment on the metal dusting behavior of alloy 699 XA

White, Emma; Schlereth, Clara; Lepple, Maren; Hattendorf, Heike; Nowak, Benedikt; Galetz, Mathias C.

doi:10.1002/maco.202213380

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Steel shot peening increases the Fe content of the surface zone, as shown in. [17] The element maps of unexposed surfaces in Figure 9 confirmed these results. Fe-rich particles were present on the brushed (with a stainless steel wire brush) and steel shot surfaces, and in lower amounts also on the glass bead blasted and dry cathodic pickled surfaces.…”

Section: Effect Of Fe Impuritiessupporting

confidence: 62%

“…699 XA, also ground to P1200 grit, was not attacked in this gas even after 1507 h. This confirms the better performance of 699 XA in comparison with the attacked samples of 602 CA, 601, and 690, all ground to P1200 grit in Figure 2. Alloy 699 XA was additionally exposed in gas 2, in which samples of 699 XA ground to P500 grit showed formation of a few pits in the first 480 h, [8,17] implying a more aggressive attack in gas 2. In a previous study, [17] it was also shown that the pit initiation may have significantly changed with surface treatment.…”

Section: On-site Aluminizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alloy 699 XA was additionally exposed in gas 2, in which samples of 699 XA ground to P500 grit showed formation of a few pits in the first 480 h, [8,17] implying a more aggressive attack in gas 2. In a previous study, [17] it was also shown that the pit initiation may have significantly changed with surface treatment. Study of 699 XA welds again confirms these findings (see Figure 7).…”

Section: On-site Aluminizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher grain boundary density and remaining dislocations enhanced Cr and Al outward diffusion and therefore the formation of a protective scale which enhances the metal dusting resistance. [10,13,15,17] This is especially remarkable as the typical metal dusting attack results in formation of coke islands with Ni-rich particles distributed in filamentous carbon. However, with deformation the carbon accumulation remained at the surface and did not grow into the material and form a pit in the studied time.…”

Section: Deformation Depth and α-Cr Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11,[14][15][16] However, residual impurities from the surface treatment, such as Fe from steel shot peening, may accelerate pit initiation. [17] In existing plants, or when other restrictions narrow down the choice of material, a coating on locations prone to metal dusting failure can increase the lifetime of the component. Aluminum diffusion coatings have been shown to be applicable on-site using an environmentally friendly slurry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of surface treatment on metal dusting resistance of welds

Schlereth,

White,

Lepple

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Welds of the commercial Ni‐based alloys 602 CA, 699 XA, 601 and 690 were exposed under harsh metal dusting conditions. The pit formation was compared for as‐welded, brushed, ground, glass bead blasted, steel shot peened and dry cathodic pickled surfaces. Surface treatments were applied by industrial partners. When (stainless) steels were involved in the surface treatment, Fe contaminations acted as catalyst sites for pit initiation. A fast metal dusting attack was also observed on dry cathodic pickled samples. A beneficial effect was attributed to deformation of the sub‐surface zone, as it provides diffusion paths for oxide formers (by grinding and glass bead blasting). In the same region, formation of α‐Cr (BCC) precipitates was observed. The best performance was found for samples where the weld bead was fully flattened by grinding to P40 grit. In addition, it was demonstrated that on‐site slurry aluminization further enhances the resistance against metal dusting attack.

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Section: Effect Of Fe Impuritiessupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: On-site Aluminizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-site Aluminizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deformation Depth and α-Cr Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of surface treatment on metal dusting resistance of welds

Schlereth,

White,

Lepple

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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Influence of sample thickness and microstructure on metal dusting behavior of NiCrFeAl alloys

Hattendorf,

Hermse,

IJzerman

2024

Materials & Corrosion

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Samples of alloy 601, 602 CA and 602 MCA with different thickness and microstructure, all 600 grit laboratory ground, are compared. All samples are exposed to up to 5693 h at 600°C in a metal dusting producing atmosphere with a total pressure of 20 bar. A smaller sample thickness leads to an increased pit density for alloy 601 and an increased pit density, a longer incubation time and an increased pit depth growth rate for alloy 602 CA. This is attributed to lower stresses in the scale of the thinner samples. Grain size effects of the substrate are probably concealed by the deformed and recrystallized subsurface due to the 600 grit finish of the samples. If carbides are unavoidable in an alloy, they should be small, as they can serve as chromium suppliers during scale formation better than larger ones. They increase incubation time and pit depth growth rate.

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Oxide scale microstructure and failure mechanism of alloy 601 under varying metal dusting conditions

Schlereth,

Weiser,

White

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci

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Chemical plants which process highly carbonaceous gases at elevated temperatures are prone to catastrophic corrosion by metal dusting. Typically, commercial alloys with high amounts of protective oxide scale formers (Cr, Al, and Si) are used in these environments. However, scale failure is still frequently observed after an incubation time initiating pits. In this study, the microstructure and subsequent metal dusting-induced failure of the oxide scale on the commercial Ni-based alloy 601 was analyzed. Samples were exposed in different aggressive metal dusting gases and characterized using metallographic cross sections, electron beam microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A thin and protective chromia scale formed in some regions with a continuous silica layer below. Across most of the alloy 601 surfaces, internal oxidation of Al could be linked to metallic particles in the outer scale. Additionally, MnCr2O4 was observed in the outer scale. Together with pores in the chromia, the spinel and metallic particles in the outer scale combined to provide pathways for carbon ingress. After exposure in a gas with a higher driving force for carbon deposition, a higher amount of carbon was incorporated in the growing oxide scale, resulting in earlier scale failure and metal dusting pit initiation. Graphical Abstract

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Influence of surface treatment on the metal dusting behavior of alloy 699 XA

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of surface treatment on metal dusting resistance of welds

Influence of surface treatment on metal dusting resistance of welds

Influence of sample thickness and microstructure on metal dusting behavior of NiCrFeAl alloys

Oxide scale microstructure and failure mechanism of alloy 601 under varying metal dusting conditions

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