Influence of Surface Roughness and Agitation on the Morphology of Magnetite Films Electrodeposited on Carbon Steel Substrates

Abstract

Abstract:In this work, we investigated the effects of surface roughness and agitation on the morphology of magnetite films electrodeposited from alkaline Fe(III)-triethanolamine (TEA) solutions on carbon steel substrates. The surface roughness of the carbon steel substrates was maintained in the range of 1.64-0.06 µm by using mechanical grinding and polishing methods. The agitation speed was set at 0 and 900 rpm during the electrodeposition process. The particle size and surface roughness value of the magnetite films gradually decreased with decreasing substrate roughness. However, the influence of the substrate roughness on the thickness of the magnetite film was negligible. The morphology of the magnetite film fabricated at 900 rpm appeared to be highly faceted compared to that of the magnetite film produced at 0 rpm. The thickness and surface roughness of the magnetite film significantly increased with the agitation speed, which also significantly affected the electrodeposition efficiency. The effects of substrate surface roughness and agitation on the morphology of magnetite films electrodeposited on carbon steel substrates were also discussed. The obtained results provide critical information for the simulation of magnetite deposits on carbon steel pipes in the secondary systems of nuclear power plants.

Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Alloy 600 Coupled to Magnetite under High-Temperature Caustic Conditions

“…To achieve this, a thick magnetite film was grown on the entire surface of the prepared SCC specimen using the electrodeposition (ED) method, except for an area with a width of approximately 800 μm in the apex region (the left side in Figure 2). The ED of the magnetite film was carried out in a solution containing 2.0 M NaOH, 0.043 M Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and 0.1 M triethanolamine by using a three-electrode system under the following conditions: ED potential = −1.05 V SCE ; ED time = 120 min; ED temperature = 80 ° C. The details of the ED process and characteristics of the magnetite film are given in our previous reports [17,18,19].…”

Cu/Ni/Au multilayers by electrochemistry: A crucial system in electronics - A critical review

“…The contact resistance R c can be calculated using the Holm equation [13]: it is proportional to the specific electrical resistance (ρ) and the inverse of the radius of the contact area (a): (1) Therefore, coatings with lower roughness present a higher electrical conductivity. Lower roughness is an especially important factor for Ni barrier layers since the quality and properties of the applied top-coat, especially the porosity content, is directly related to their roughness [36][37][38]. Furthermore, films with spherical surface morphology ( Figure 5) are known to be superior regarding electrical contact purposes [12].…”

Magnetite-Accelerated Corrosion of SA508 Tubesheet Material and Its Effect on Steam Generator Tube Denting

“…To achieve this, a thick magnetite film was grown on the entire surface of the prepared corrosion coupon using the electrodeposition (ED) method, except for a circular area with a diameter of about 5 mm in the center (the left side of Figure 1). The ED of the magnetite film was carried out in a solution containing 2.0 M NaOH, 0.043 M Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and 0.1 M triethanolamine by using a three-electrode system under the following conditions: ED potential = −1.05 V SCE ; ED time = 60 min; and ED temperature = 80 • C. The details of the ED process are given in our previous reports [16][17][18][19][20].…”