Influence of sulfuric acid corrosion on concrete stress–strain relationship under uniaxial compression

Combined Corrosion Inhibitors and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Embedded Steel (AISI 316L) during Accelerated Saline Corrosion Test

“…Reinforced concrete has been the most predominant construction material worldwide throughout the last two centuries due to its low price, high compressive strength, durability, and long service life [1][2][3]. The development of a passive oxide film on the surface of the steel reinforcement, as a consequence of the strongly alkaline environment (pH ≈ 12.5-13.5) of concrete, delays/inhibits the initiation of steel corrosion due to the infiltration of aggressive species, such as Cl − , CO 2 , acids, etc., in the concrete through porosity or reactions [2][3][4][5].…”

“…Since many monuments and historical buildings are nearby/in sea-coastal and innercity regions, the corrosion of steel reinforcement due to environmental pollution leads to a rapid degradation of the reinforced concrete structure in terms of durability, bond strength and ability to withstand seismic activities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This is mainly attributed to: (a) Cl − attack via concrete porosity leading to localized corrosion of steel [3][4][5], (b) concrete carbonation causing depassivation [3][4][5] or (c) acid attack [2].…”

“…Since many monuments and historical buildings are nearby/in sea-coastal and innercity regions, the corrosion of steel reinforcement due to environmental pollution leads to a rapid degradation of the reinforced concrete structure in terms of durability, bond strength and ability to withstand seismic activities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This is mainly attributed to: (a) Cl − attack via concrete porosity leading to localized corrosion of steel [3][4][5], (b) concrete carbonation causing depassivation [3][4][5] or (c) acid attack [2]. Corrosion affects the bond strength between steel reinforcement and concrete since the formation of voluminous corrosion products in the concrete pores results in the development of internal stresses and consequent cracking/spalling of the concrete around the rebars.…”

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Precast High-Strength Concrete Segmental Beams with External Tendons and Dry Joints

“…It can be used for PCSBs to reduce the dead load, save costs in bridge maintenance, prolong service life, and improve structural behavior. In addition, high-strength concrete has a high uniform density and very low impermeability, which is conducive to the durability of concrete buildings [23,24]. Few experimental results have been reported in the literature on the shear behavior of PHCSBs with compressive concrete strength exceeding 55 MPa, especially about the combined use of dry joints and external tendons.…”

Sustainable High-Performance Hydraulic Concrete

“…Such harsh environments undoubtedly pose new challenges for the durability of hydraulic concrete, which is easily damaged by various environmental factors [5]. The main damages of hydraulic concrete caused by the harsh environments can be classified into the following forms: (1) freezing and thawing damage of concrete in cold regions where air temperatures as low as −20 • C are common during winter months [6]; (2) abrasion damage of concrete in spillway, the flood discharge tunnel and the overflow surface of the hydropower stations, is often caused by high-speed water flow (40-100 m/s) containing sand and gravel due to high water pressure (200-300 m water heat) [7]; (3) deterioration of concrete due to the erosion of adverse ions such as chloride and sulfate in underground water and ocean regions [8][9][10][11]; (4) dissolution due to the flowing soft water action which could lower the concentration of liquid lime in concrete and cause decomposition of hydration products in some cases, resulting in weakened mechanical and durability performance and even structure failure [12]; (5) seepage failure by the high water pressure [13]; (6) plastic and drying shrinkage caused by the evaporation of water in drying environments or strong wind [2]; (7) autogenous shrinkage caused by a low water to binder ratio and the usage of some extreme fine powders such as silica fume [14]; (8) thermal stress due to temperature differences and fluctuations [15], etc. Temperature rising and shrinkage are particularly important to hydraulic mass concrete projects, in which cracking may occur due to the temperature gradient or shrinkage [16].…”