Influence of Substrate Composition on Marine Microfouling

Marszalek, Donald S.; Gerchakov, Sol M.; Udey, Lanny R.

doi:10.1128/aem.38.5.987-995.1979

Cited by 116 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The early stages of biofilm formation observed with my experimental setup resemble more closely those reported by Corpe (4; personal communication) and Marszalek (12). Corpe observed both solitary and filamentous bacteria and an acid-polysaccharide matrix together with diatoms, protozoa, and debris on glass slides submerged in seawater for up to 10 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Regulating Microbial Biofilm Development in a System with Slowly Flowing Seawater

Pedersen

1982

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial biofilm development was followed under growth conditions similar to those of a projected salinity power plant. Microscope glass cover slips were piled in biofilm reactors to imitate the membrane stacks in such a plant. A staining technique closely correlating absorbance values with biofilm dry weight was used for the study. Generally, the biofilms consisted of solitary and filamentous bacteria which were evenly distributed with considerable amounts of various protozoa and entrapped debris of organic origin. Protozoa predation was shown to decrease the amount of biofilm produced. The biofilm development lag phase was longer at lower temperatures. The subsequent growth phase was approximately arithmetic until stationary phase appeared. Adaptation of a hyperbolic saturation function gave curves that agreed well with the logarithm of the amount of biofilm as a function of time. Increased flow velocity, temperature, and nutrient concentration increased the biofilm production rate. An exponential relationship was shown between biofilm production rate and flow velocity within the range of 0 to 15 cm s-1. Intervals in which the biofilms were exposed to fresh water decreased the biofilm production rate more than four times. If the cover slips were inoculated with untreated seawater for 24 h, subsequent UV treatment had an insignificant effect on the biofilm formation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Regulating Microbial Biofilm Development in a System with Slowly Flowing Seawater

Pedersen

1982

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Gas chromatogram of fatty acid methyl esters of the lipids extracted from the microfouling community separated on a 50-m Silar 10C glass capillary column from the sample at A in Figure 1, top panel. Components used were 14:0 (1), i15:0 (2), a15:0 (3), 15:0 (4), 16:0 (5), 16:1w7 (6), A1l7:0 (7), 18:0 (8), 18:1w9 (9), 18: 1w7 (10), 19:0 IS (11), 18:2w6 (12), A19:0 (13), 18:3w6 14, 20:0 (15), 18:3w3 (16), 22:0 (17), 20:4w6 (18), 20:5w3 (19), 22:6X3 (20). relative amounts of a + i 15:0/15:0 and a + i 15:0/16:0, 18:1X7/18:1X9 and in the ratio of polyenoic fatty acids longer than 20 carbons with w6 unsaturation compared with w3 unsaturation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial event involves the immediate coating of the surface by biopol-ymers produced by organisms living in the sea; this film attracts microbes that first bind reversibly then irreversibly to the surface (7,10,15,24) and form an acid polysaccharide extracellular polymeric film (13). The microbial fouling film then attracts a diverse microeucaryotic fouling population (6,12,14,16), and, finally, macrofouling by larger eucaryotes occurs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Manual Brush Cleaning on Biomass and Community Structure of Microfouling Film Formed on Aluminum and Titanium Surfaces Exposed to Rapidly Flowing Seawater

Nickels

Bobbie

Lott³

et al. 1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Metals exposed to rapidly flowing seawater are fouled by microbes that increase heat transfer resistance. In this study, results of biochemical test methods quantitatively relating the biomass and community structure of the microfouling film on aluminum and titanium to heat transfer resistance across the metal surface during three cycles of free fouling and manual brushing showed that cleaning accelerates the rate of fouling measured as the loss of heat transfer efficiency and as microfouling film biomass. The results also showed that the rate of fouling, measured as an increase in heat transfer resistance, is faster on titanium than on aluminum but that the titanium surface is more readily cleaned. In three cycles of free fouling and cleaning with a stiff-bristle nylon brush, the free-fouling communities reforming on aluminum became enriched in bacteria containing short-branched fatty acids as the cycling progressed. The free-fouling community on titanium revealed an increasingly diverse morphology under scanning electron microscopy that was enriched in a portion of the microeucaryotes. Brushing removed most of the biomass, but left a residual community that was relatively enriched in a portion of the bacterial assembly containing cyclopropane fatty acids on aluminum and in a more diverse community on the titanium surface. The residual communities left after cleaning of titanium revealed an increase in bacteria with short-branched fatty acids and in microeucaryotes as cleaning continued. No significant changes occurred in the residual microbial community structure left on aluminum with cleaning; it was, again, less diverse than that remaining on titanium. The residual communities secreted a twofold-larger amount of extracellular polymer, measured as the ratio of total organic carbon to lipid phosphate, than did the free-fouling community on both surfaces.

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“…Copper coupons (2 cm 2 ) were treated following the same procedure, except that these coupons were placed 15 days before the sampling period to allow for biofilm development. Copper is a bioactive substratum used in the selection of EPS-producing micro-organisms (Marszalek et al 1979;Guezennec 2002). As soon as the samples were brought to the laboratory, they were gently washed with sterile seawater to remove loosely attached bacteria and placed in 10 ml of sterile seawater and vortexed for 1 min to obtain cell suspensions.…”

Section: Isolation Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of extracellular polymers synthesized by tropical intertidal biofilm bacteria

et al. 2007

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Aim: This study was performed to determine the potential of tropical intertidal biofilm bacteria as a source of novel exopolymers (EPS). Methods and Results: A screening procedure was implemented to detect EPS‐producing biofilm bacteria. Isolates MC3B‐10 and MC6B‐22, identified respectively as a Microbacterium species and Bacillus species by 16S rDNA and cellular fatty acids analyses, produced different EPS, as evidenced by colorimetric and gas chromatographic analyses. The polymer produced by isolate MC3B‐10 displays significant surfactant activity, and may chelate calcium as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis. Conclusions: Polymer MC3B‐10 appears to be a glycoprotein, while EPS MC6B‐22 seems to be a true polysaccharide dominated by neutral sugars but with significant concentrations of uronic acids and hexosamines. EPS MC3B‐10 possesses a higher surfactant activity than that of commercial surfactants, and given its anionic nature, may chelate cations thus proving useful in bioremediation. The chemical composition of polymer MC6B‐22 suggests its potential biomedical application in tissue regeneration. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report of a Microbacterium species producing EPS with surfactant properties, which expands our knowledge of the micro‐organisms capable of producing these biomolecules. Furthermore, this work shows that tropical intertidal environments are a nonpreviously recognized habitat for bioprospecting EPS‐producing bacteria, and that these molecules might be involved in ecological roles protecting the cells against dessication.

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Influence of Substrate Composition on Marine Microfouling

Cited by 116 publications

References 8 publications

Factors Regulating Microbial Biofilm Development in a System with Slowly Flowing Seawater

Factors Regulating Microbial Biofilm Development in a System with Slowly Flowing Seawater

Effect of Manual Brush Cleaning on Biomass and Community Structure of Microfouling Film Formed on Aluminum and Titanium Surfaces Exposed to Rapidly Flowing Seawater

Characterization of extracellular polymers synthesized by tropical intertidal biofilm bacteria

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