Influence of substrate base on sports field covered with bermuda grass

Abstract

The sports field consists of three layers (sub-base, base (substrate) and grass). The base is responsible for the radicular development of the grass, directly influencing the characteristics that provide quality, water drainage and lawn durability and allows athlete performance. The construction of sports field base generally follows USGA (United States Golf Association) recommendations for golf course greens. Sand is the main component based on its high capacity for drainage. This study aimed to define the best composition of the base for sports fields covered with Bermuda grass. The following treatments were evaluated: T1: sand; T2: sand (80%) + peat (20%); T3: sand (90%) + clay soil (10%); T4: sand (70%) + sandy soil (30%) during 12 months. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design, with a 4 x 12 factorial design (treatments x months), with 3 replicates and each plot measuring 3 x 4 m. During one full year, the following parameters were evaluated: surface traction of the turf, mechanical resistance of the base to penetration, humidity of the base, concentration of nutrients in grass clippings, and chemical analysis of the base. The tallest grass occurred in substrate of sand mixed with peat. This mixture also promoted the highest N and P levels in the leaves of Bermuda grass. Playability of the sports field, as determined by mechanical strength and surface traction, was unaffected by the type of substrate. The presence of peat, sand and clay soil mixed with sand promoted greater water retention at the base. Keywords: Tifton 419, athletic fields, sand, peat, gameplay. RESUMOComposição do substrato na qualidade de gramado esportivo de grama bermuda O gramado esportivo é formado por três camadas (sub-base, base (substrato) e grama), sendo a base responsável pelo desenvolvimento radicular da grama, influenciando diretamente as características que proporcionam qualidade, drenagem de água e durabilidade ao gramado e permitem o desempenho do atleta. A construção da base dos gramados esportivos é baseada nas recomendações da USGA (United States Golf Association) para greens de campo de golfe, tendo como principal componente a areia, devido à sua alta capacidade de drenagem. A matéria orgânica também precisa estar presente para suprir as demais necessidades físicas e químicas da grama. Objetivou-se com este trabalho definir a melhor composição da base para gramados esportivos de grama bermuda. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: areia; T2: areia (80%) + turfa (20%); T3: areia (90%) + solo argiloso (10%); T4: areia (70%) + solo arenoso (30%), ao longo de 12 meses. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, composto por fatorial 4 x 12 (tratamentos x meses), com 3 repetições, tendo cada parcela a dimensão de 3 x 4 m. Durante um ano foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: tração superficial do gramado, resistência mecânica da base à penetração, umidade da base, concentração de nutrientes na lâmina foliar da grama bermuda e análise química da base. O maior cr...

Substratos no desenvolvimento de gramado esportivo “Tifton 419"

“…However, Silva-Kojoroski et al (2002), using different turfgrass species (São Carlos, Emerald and Tifton 419) and two levels of compaction verified the absence of density effect on dry mass production, attributing the existence of genotype differences in soil compaction tolerance. Mateus et al (2017) in a study of substrate components for sports fields with "Tifton 419", observed that there was influence on the results of dry mass produced in the plants conducted in the different compositions. observed that the substrate density influenced the production of fresh mass (1.09 to 2.4 kg m-2) and dry mass (0, 45 to 0.84 kg m-2) in emerald grass.…”

“…In order to meet the nutritional requirements of the grass, as occurs in sports turfgrass (MATEUS et al, 2017), a commercial fertilizer was applied at a dose of 125 g m -2 (manufacturer's recommendation). The fertilizer was spread on each treatment and then watered until the filling (saturation) of the containers, the fertilizer having the following composition: 13% N, 5% P 2 O 5 , 13% K 2 O, 1% Ca, 1% Mg, 5 % S, 0.04% B, 0.05% Cu, 0.2% Fe, 0.08% Mn, 0.005% Mo and 0.15% Zn.…”

“…The substrate must have good aeration and drainage, because when it rains, there may be flooding on the turfgrass or even nutrient unavailability due to compaction . In soccer fields, according to Mateus et al (2017), the compaction is a factor that maximizes the occurrence of knee and ankle injuries, being essential, substrates with low density for a good practice of the game, with better ball bearing, allowing a greater percentage of correctness of the passes and preserving the integrity physics of the players. According to Aldahir (2012), several studies are being conducted, aiming at the best type of substrate for installation of sports fields, based on soil, sand and organic compost.…”

“…According to Mateus et al (2017) sand is the main component due to its high drainage capacity, already the organic compound has the role of supplying the physical needs (porosity and density) and chemical, since it provides increase of pH, and consequently greater availability of nutrients and neutralization of toxic aluminum , while the soil works to better support the species. However, according to Godoy et al (2012) in Brazil, there is no official recommendation for implementation and maintenance of the turfgrasses, and all information is based on international standards of USGA (UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION) for golf course greens (MATEUS et al, 2017), thus, there is a need for research to solve this demand.…”

“…However, according to Godoy et al (2012) in Brazil, there is no official recommendation for implementation and maintenance of the turfgrasses, and all information is based on international standards of USGA (UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION) for golf course greens (MATEUS et al, 2017), thus, there is a need for research to solve this demand. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of substrates in the development of a sports turfgrass of Bermuda grass "Tifton 419".…”