Influence of removal of invisible fixation on the saccadic and manual gap effect

Ueda, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Kohske; Watanabe, Katsumi

doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3743-6

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A gap effect has been demonstrated for manual reaction times (Ueda et al, 2014). This might explain the reduction in the perception reaction time that we observed in the gap condition.…”

Section: Saccade and Perception Reaction Times Depend On Tasupporting

confidence: 61%

“…However, manual reaction times do not show an increase in latency during an overlap task. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that maintenance of a foveal stimulus does not increase the manual reaction time (Ueda et al, 2014). Thus, changes in the manual reaction time could not explain the increase of the perception reaction time in the overlap condition.…”

Section: Saccade and Perception Reaction Times Depend On Tamentioning

confidence: 98%

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Action and Perception Are Temporally Coupled by a Common Mechanism That Leads to a Timing Misperception

et al. 2015

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We move our eyes to explore the world, but visual areas determining where to look next (action) are different from those determining what we are seeing (perception). Whether, or how, action and perception are temporally coordinated is not known. The preparation time course of an action (e.g., a saccade) has been widely studied with the gap/overlap paradigm with temporal asynchronies (TA) between peripheral target onset and fixation point offset (gap, synchronous, or overlap). However, whether the subjects perceive the gap or overlap, and when they perceive it, has not been studied. We adapted the gap/overlap paradigm to study the temporal coupling of action and perception. Human subjects made saccades to targets with different TAs with respect to fixation point offset and reported whether they perceived the stimuli as separated by a gap or overlapped in time. Both saccadic and perceptual report reaction times changed in the same way as a function of TA. The TA dependencies of the time change for action and perception were very similar, suggesting a common neural substrate. Unexpectedly, in the perceptual task, subjects misperceived lights overlapping by less than ϳ100 ms as separated in time (overlap seen as gap). We present an attention-perception model with a map of prominence in the superior colliculus that modulates the stimulus signal's effectiveness in the action and perception pathways. This common source of modulation determines how competition between stimuli is resolved, causes the TA dependence of action and perception to be the same, and causes the misperception.

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“…A gap effect has been demonstrated for manual reaction times (Ueda et al, 2014). This might explain the reduction in the perception reaction time that we observed in the gap condition.…”

Section: Saccade and Perception Reaction Times Depend On Tasupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Saccade and Perception Reaction Times Depend On Tamentioning

confidence: 98%

Action and Perception Are Temporally Coupled by a Common Mechanism That Leads to a Timing Misperception

et al. 2015

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“…In the manual response task, we did not observe a significant facilitation effect of blue light on manual response as the saccadic response task did. However, it is not surprising as previous studies have suggested that the manual gap effect and the saccadic gap effect are driven by different factors (Jin & Reeves, 2009;Ueda, Takahashi, & Watanabe, 2014), where the manual gap effect is mainly driven by the general warning effect (Jin & Reeves, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Blue-light effects on saccadic eye movements and attentional disengagement

Lee

Yeh

2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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People are constantly exposed to high-energy blue light as they spend considerable amounts of time reading and browsing materials on electronic products like computers and cellphones. Recent studies suggest that the stimulation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)-a newly discovered type of photoreceptor shown to be particularly sensitive to blue light-activates brain regions related to eye movements and attentional orienting (e.g., frontal eye fields). It remains unclear, however, whether and how blue light affects eye movements and attention behaviorally. We examined this by adopting the gap paradigm in which participants made saccades to a peripheral target as quickly and accurately as possible while the fixation sign vanished (i.e., the gap condition) or remained visible. Participants were exposed to blue and orange light on two separate days. Faster saccade latency under blue light was found across two experiments, and the results indicate that blue light shortened saccade latency when attention and eye movements operate simultaneously. Our findings provide evidence for the blue-light facilitatory effect on eye movements and attentional disengagement, and suggest that blue light can enhance the speed of saccadic eye movements.

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“…As previously discussed for our normal subjects, the perception report reaction time can be considered as resulting from two main components: the time to form the conscious perception and the time to plan and execute the button press (manual reaction time). Manual reaction times can be slightly shortened by a gap between stimuli, but they do not increase when there is an overlap . Therefore, we previously concluded that the perceptual report reaction time‐change dependence upon TA (shape of the curve) is mainly attributable to a dependence upon TA of the time to build the perception.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Manual reaction times can be slightly shortened by a gap between stimuli, but they do not increase when there is an overlap. 38 Therefore, we previously concluded that the perceptual report reaction time-change dependence upon TA (shape of the curve) is mainly attributable to a dependence upon TA of the time to build the perception. In PD, manual reaction time and movement execution are usually longer than normal.…”

Section: Saccade and Perceptual Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence From Parkinson's Disease That the Superior Colliculus Couples Action and Perception

et al. 2019

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A BS TRACT: Background: Action and perception should be coordinated for good visual-motor performance. The mechanism coupling action and perception may be a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus that modulates motor and attentional/perceptual processes. This coordination comes with a cost: the misperception that briefly overlapping stimuli are separated in time. Our model predicts that abnormal intermediate layer of the superior colliculus inhibition, such as that arising from increased basal ganglia output, would affect the action and perception coupling, and it would worsen the misperception. Objective: To test the prominence map model by measuring reaction times and perceptions in human intermediate layer of the superior colliculus dysfunction. Methods: We measured the saccadic and perceptual reaction time changes and the percept for different temporal asynchronies between fixation point offset and peripheral target onset in Parkinson's disease (PD). Results: We found that increased basal ganglia inhibitory output to the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus prominence map disrupted the normal coupling of action and perception. With increasing temporal asynchronies, the PD perceptual reaction times increased approximately 3 times more than the increase of the saccadic reaction times. Also, PD subjects misperceive small overlaps as gaps for temporal asynchronies up to 3 times longer than controls. The results can be reproduced by an intermediate layer of the superior colliculus rostralcaudal gradient of inhibition. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus couples action and perception through modulation of attention. A dysfunction of this network quantifies abnormal basal ganglia output and could underlie visual deficits, including common, yet poorly understood, misperceptions and visual-motor deficits of PD.

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Influence of removal of invisible fixation on the saccadic and manual gap effect

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Action and Perception Are Temporally Coupled by a Common Mechanism That Leads to a Timing Misperception

Action and Perception Are Temporally Coupled by a Common Mechanism That Leads to a Timing Misperception

Blue-light effects on saccadic eye movements and attentional disengagement

Evidence From Parkinson's Disease That the Superior Colliculus Couples Action and Perception

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