Influence of reaction conditions and feedstock on hydrochar properties

Guo, Shuqing; Dong, Xiaofeng; Wu, Tingting; Zhu, Caixia

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.06.029

Cited by 80 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hydrochars have several industrial and environmental applications, such as for soil improvers [17] and solid fuel, whether upon direct combustion [18] or through gasification [12]. HTC chars may have also potential uses as sorbents for CO 2 sequestration, methane and hydrogen storage, in energy storage devices (Li/Na ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells) and as precursors for activated carbon preparation [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Activated Grape Seed-Derived Hydrochar through Hydrothermal Carbonization and Chemical Activation for Sulfamethoxazole Adsorption

et al. 2019

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Activated carbons were prepared by chemical activation with KOH, FeCl3 and H3PO4 of the chars obtained via hydrothermal carbonization of grape seeds. The hydrochars prepared at temperatures higher than 200 °C yielded quite similar proximate and ultimate analyses. However, heating value (24.5–31.4 MJ·kg−1) and energy density (1.04–1.33) significantly increased with carbonization temperatures between 180 and 300 °C. All the hydrochars showed negligible BET surface areas, while values between 100 and 845 m2·g−1 were measured by CO2 adsorption at 273 K. Activation of the hydrochars with KOH (activating agent to hydrochar ratio of 3:1 and 750 °C) led to highly porous carbons with around 2200 m2·g−1 BET surface area. Significantly lower values were obtained with FeCl3 (321–417 m2·g−1) and H3PO4 (590–654 m2·g−1), showing these last activated carbons important contributors to mesopores. The resulting materials were tested in the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity was determined by the porous texture rather than by the surface composition, and analyzed by FTIR and TPD. The adsorption equilibrium data (20 °C) fitted the Langmuir equation well. The KOH-activated carbons yielded fairly high saturation capacity reaching up to 650 mg·g−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Activated Grape Seed-Derived Hydrochar through Hydrothermal Carbonization and Chemical Activation for Sulfamethoxazole Adsorption

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, the chemical composition of the hydrochar may be even more complex, if the starting feedstock is a waste material, such as bio-solids, municipal wastes, paper mill sludge, and so on. On this basis, it is noticeable that the yield and properties of the char strongly depend on the composition of the starting feedstock and the adopted process conditions [150,151].…”

Section: Biochar Recovery and Exploitation Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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“…Iryani et al [11] described the development of a shrinking core model that was ultimately used to describe the hydrolysis process and HC yields. Suwelack et al [20], and Guo et al [58] modeled HC properties based on process severity factors. Suwelack et al [20] developed a model to predict HC yields, degree of carbonization, and H/C and O/C ratios resulting from the HTC of digestate and wheat straw based on the logarithmic dependence on process severity, which was calculated based on batch experiment data.…”

Section: Review Of Models Developed To Predict Hc Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suwelack et al [20] developed a model to predict HC yields, degree of carbonization, and H/C and O/C ratios resulting from the HTC of digestate and wheat straw based on the logarithmic dependence on process severity, which was calculated based on batch experiment data. Guo et al [58] developed models to predict HC yield, carbon content, and energy content using process severity and a dose-response function for data from the carbonization of corn stalk, longan shell, NaOH-pretreated longan shell, wood, olive stone, and grape marc. Based on model results, Guo et al [58] report that the water to biomass ratio significantly influences HC yield and that feedstock chemical composition has a significant effect on the HC yield, carbon content, and energy content.…”

Section: Review Of Models Developed To Predict Hc Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guo et al [58] developed models to predict HC yield, carbon content, and energy content using process severity and a dose-response function for data from the carbonization of corn stalk, longan shell, NaOH-pretreated longan shell, wood, olive stone, and grape marc. Based on model results, Guo et al [58] report that the water to biomass ratio significantly influences HC yield and that feedstock chemical composition has a significant effect on the HC yield, carbon content, and energy content. No cross-validation or testing of the ability of these models to predict HC properties resulting from the carbonization of feedstocks and/or process conditions other than those in which the models are based has been reported.…”

Section: Review Of Models Developed To Predict Hc Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

et al. 2018

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Active research on biomass hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to demonstrate its advantages over other thermochemical processes, in particular the interesting benefits that are associated with carbonaceous solid products, called hydrochar (HC). The areas of applications of HC range from biofuel to doped porous material for adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis. At the same time, intensive research has been aimed at better elucidating the process mechanisms and kinetics, and how the experimental variables (temperature, time, biomass load, feedstock composition, as well as their interactions) affect the distribution between phases and their composition. This review provides an analysis of the state of the art on HTC, mainly with regard to the effect of variables on the process, the associated kinetics, and the characteristics of the solid phase (HC), as well as some of the more studied applications so far. The focus is on research made over the last five years on these topics.

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Influence of reaction conditions and feedstock on hydrochar properties

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Low-Cost Activated Grape Seed-Derived Hydrochar through Hydrothermal Carbonization and Chemical Activation for Sulfamethoxazole Adsorption

Low-Cost Activated Grape Seed-Derived Hydrochar through Hydrothermal Carbonization and Chemical Activation for Sulfamethoxazole Adsorption

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

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