Influence of probiotic microorganisms on aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 bioaccessibility evaluated with a simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs) are produced mainly by the molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of different strains of Lactobacilli (Lb.) and Bifidobacteria (Bf.) to reduce the bioaccessibility of AFB 1 and aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2), spiked in loaf bread, using a dynamic in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion system. Aliquots of 20 mL of gastric and duodenal fluids were sampled for the determination of the mycotoxins gastric and duodenal bioaccessibility respectively, by liquid-chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-MS/MS). A reduction of AFs bioaccessibility compared to the control (digestion without bacterial strains) was evidenced. The strains that evidenced the highest gastric and duodenal bioaccessibility reductions of AFB 1 and AFB 2 were Lb. johnsoni CECT 289, Lb. reuteri CECT 725, Lb. plantarum CECT 220 and Lb. casei CECT 4180, with values ranging from 76.38 to 98.34% for AFB 1 and from 77.14 to 98.66% for AFB 2. These results suggest that a food enriched with specific probiotic microorganisms and consumed at the same time as food contaminated with AFs, could reduce the risk associated to the intake of these toxic compounds contained in food.

Assessment of the Ameliorative Effect of Bacillus subtilis against the Toxicity Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Rats

“…The components in surface of probiotic bacteria have the affinity to bind with AFB1. Therefore, they can be intervened to reduce the toxicity induced by AFB1 [34].…”

Gut Microbiota Profiling of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Rats Treated with Lactobacillus casei Shirota

“…It appears that the surface components of probiotic bacteria are involved in AFB1-binding [24]. It is worth to mention that probiotic intervention is potentiated to alleviate AFB1-induced toxicity [25].…”

Report of the Vth Workshop of the Spanish National Network on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi and Their Decontamination Processes (MICOFOOD), 10–11 December 2020

“…The present study aimed at characterizing the genotoxicity of mycotoxins in silico by means of two predictive tools: DEREK Nexus ® (Lhasa Limited ® ), a knowledge-based expert system for qualitative toxicity prediction, and VEGA (vegahub.eu), a qualitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model platform. The mycotoxins chosen were clustered in groups: (i) Group 1 included aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin that have a central scaffold in common (furo [2,3] benzofuran) are produced by the Aspergillus species within the same biosynthetic route; (ii) Group 2 included type A (T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin) and type B thrichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxinivalenol and its acetylated forms of the OH located at position 3 and 15 and fusarenon-X). All are produced by Fusarium species and share a central scaffold (1,5-dimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]) and (iii) Group 3 with mycotoxins with no common features (ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and fumonisin B1).…”

“…The rest of the OTA cluster genes (AcOTAnrps, AcOTAp450, AcOTAhal, and AcOTAbZIP) showed no privative mutations in the non-OTAproducing strains. In this study, we applied the RNA Sequencing technology to carry out a global transcriptional analysis on four A. carbonarius strains, one OTA producer, and the three atypical non-OTA-producing strains, and to analyze the differentially expressed genes directly or indirectly related to OTA biosynthetic pathway [3]. A total of 696 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified comparing the OTA-producing strain vs. the three non-OTA-producing strains.…”