Influence of molecular structures of europium bisphthalocyanines on organization of supramolecular assemblies formed at the air/water interface

Arrangement of tris(phthalocyaninato) gadolinium triple-decker complexes with multi-octyloxy groups on water surface

“…3 and Table 2, significant red-shift was observed for the Q absorption band of triple-decker compounds 2-5 in solid film in comparison with that in solution, indicating the formation of J aggregates [46] and strong intermolecular interaction between triple-decker molecules in these J aggregates. It is worth noting that the formation of J aggregates revealed for these tris(phthalocyaninato) gadolinium complexes is in accord with those observed for other doubleand triple-decker phthalocyaninato metal analogues but not for monomeric phthalocyanine derivatives [35,49,50]. As mentioned above, the transfer ratio for compound Gd 2 -(Pc) 3 (1) during the pure film deposition is very low (<0.5) and unstable due to the non-amphiphilic nature of this compound.…”

“…As a result, introduction of alkoxy groups onto the phthalocyanine ring was generally considered to increase the hydrophilicity of phthalocyanine ring. This is also the reason that several research groups considered the substituted phthalocyanine (or even the substituted porphyrin) ring with alkoxy substituents in unsymmetrical bis(phthalocyaninato) [or bis(porphyrinato)] metal doubledecker complex should stand closely to the water surface while the unsubstituted phthalocyanine (or porphyrin) ring would stay far away from the water surface [20,35]. However, studies on the Langmuir film characteristics of monomeric unsymmetrical phthalocyanines revealed that the long alkoxy groups act as hydrophobic groups, which push the phthalocyanine ring away from the water surface and thus make the unsymmetrically substituted monomeric phthalocyanine stand on water surface in an "edge-on" orientation with the unsubstituted part of phthalocyanine molecule close to the water surface [36][37][38].…”

Formation and characterization of europium bisphthalocyanine nanowires by electrophoretic deposition

“…The center-to-center distance (that is the interplanar space mentioned above) between two adjacent EuPc 2 molecular columns becomes larger as the deposition time increases. This packing model is in agreement with the play-card model, which has been widely used to describe the molecular stackings formed by macrocyclic planar molecules such as phthalocynines or porphyrins [30,31]. Fig.…”

“…The blue-shifted Q band observed in EuPc 2 films deposited by EPD indicates the existence of Haggregate bisphthalocyanine [34], where bisphthalocyanines arrange themselves in a near vertical stack, confirming the stacking model for EuPc 2 films depicted in Fig. 5.…”

Fabrication of gadolinium biphthalocyanine nano/microwires by electrophoretic deposition

“…The possible crystal structure in the nanowires is depicted in Fig. 7a, in agreement with the playcard model, which has been widely used to describe the molecular stackings formed by macrocyclic planar molecules such as phthalocyanines (PCs) and porphyrins [37,38]. By prolonging the deposition time, more GdPc 2 molecules are deposited on the ITO substrate, giving microrods a more compact stacking with interplanar space of 13.55 Å as shown by XRD results (see Fig.…”