Influence of micro Fe2O3 and MgO on the physical and mechanical properties of the zeolite and kaolin based geopolymer mortar

Kaya, Mehmet; Köksal, Fuat; Gençel, Osman; Munir, Muhammad Junaid; Kazmi, Syed Minhaj Saleem

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104443

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, with increasing molarity of the NaOH solution to 8M, between the characteristic spectra of the samples prepared without, respectively, with addition of Fe 2 O 3 and MgO, it is observed the maintenance of the characteristic quartz angle, 2θ, at 32°, but of a much higher intensity for the sample prepared with addition of oxides, concomitant with the maintenance of the characteristic feldspar peaks. In the literature it is stated that for a higher amount of iron trioxide and magnesium oxide added to fly ash the presence of hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), periclase (MgO) and forsterite (MgFeSiO 4 ) mineral phases is observed in the X-ray spectrum [ 60 ], which in the present cases has not been confirmed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Influence of Fe2O3, MgO and Molarity of NaOH Solution on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of waste from industrial activities is of particular importance for environmental protection. Fly ash has a high potential in the production of construction materials. In the present study, the use of fly ash in the production of geopolymer paste and the effect of Fe2O3, MgO and molarity of NaOH solution on the mechanical strength of geopolymer paste are presented. Samples resulting from the heat treatment of the geopolymer paste were subjected to mechanical tests and SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. Samples were obtained using 6 molar and 8 molar NaOH solution with and without the addition of Fe2O3 and MgO. Samples obtained using a 6 molar NaOH solution where Fe2O3 and MgO were added had higher mechanical strengths compared to the other samples.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Influence of Fe2O3, MgO and Molarity of NaOH Solution on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This review focused on the commonly available industrial by-products and/or waste materials utilized as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer production due to the global need for a circular economy and cradle-to-cradle life cycle [ 7 , 63 , 64 ]. Several researchers have exploited and extensively reviewed the potential utilization of natural raw materials as precursors in geopolymer production, comprising Kaolin [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], Metakaolin [ 31 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], Zeolite [ 71 , 72 , 73 ], Laterite [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], and Volcanic ash [ 77 , 78 , 79 ], which are outside the scope of this review and are therefore not discussed in the text that follows. The industrial by-products and/or waste as raw materials for geopolymer production are discussed below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential “go-to” alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.

show abstract

“…Alumina is now used in the production of ceramic membranes. Kaolin, which is extensively used as a substitute for alumina due to its unique chemical and physical properties, provides a membrane with low plasticity and high refractoriness [ 22 , 30 , 49 ]. Additionally, kaolin shows hydrophilic properties.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Suitability Of Kaolin Geopolymers In C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the firing of kaolin, the type and quantity of secondary phases can have a significant impact on the thermal properties of the raw materials [ 48 , 68 ]. Iron oxide is very significant [ 49 , 72 ]; Fe 2 O 3 can exist in raw materials as either mineral complexes or silicate structures. The addition of Fe 2 O 3 in kaolin not only increases the quantity of mullite phase at lower temperatures (1050 °C), but also improves the crystallisation of mullite at higher temperatures [ 19 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Suitability Of Kaolin Geopolymers In C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and considered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are reviewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical composition should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A comprehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials.

show abstract

Influence of micro Fe2O3 and MgO on the physical and mechanical properties of the zeolite and kaolin based geopolymer mortar

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Influence of Fe2O3, MgO and Molarity of NaOH Solution on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Influence of Fe2O3, MgO and Molarity of NaOH Solution on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About