Influence of Low Temperature on the Evolution of Amino Acid Pools Adaptive Modifications inPoikilothermal Animals

Abstract

Interpretation of phylogenesis in the light of comparative biochemistry is currently still limited. Adaptive changes in the concentration of the FAA in response to the decrease in temperature are one of the essential features of poikilothermic animals living in areas with large temperature difference. It is purpose of this review to reveal the hierarchy of certain biochemical sign, namely the FAA that underlie of differences in invertebrate and vertebrate poikilotherms and in the process of evolution begin to discover themselves only at low temperatures. The review summarizes literature and author information about evolutionary development of adaptive FAA responses of poikilothermic animals, at different levels of phylogenesis, as a result of the seasonal drop in temperature to negative or zero values. It is concluded that the non-specific accumulation of proteinogenic amino acids, characteristic for many invertebrates, is replaced in the vertebrates animals by the accumulation of new participants in the mechanisms of the low temperatures adaptation, which is a nonproteinogenic sulphoamino acid, taurine, and in the brain it is РЕА and phosphoamine acid, РS.