Influence of Low-frequency Magnetic Fields During Laser Beam Welding of Aluminium with Filler Wire

Gatzen, Marius

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.014

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It was shown that the change of distribution of the filler material results from modulation of the melt flow due to periodic induced electromagnetic volume forces [23]. The frequency is a main parameter to determine the spatial distribution of elements, whereas the magnetic flux density is the main parameter determining the overall scale of the magnetic manipulation [24,25].…”

Section: Scientific and Technicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electric-magnetic composite field on WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Wang¹,

Hu²,

Song³

et al. 2016

The Paton Welding J.

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The laser melt injection (LMI) method is always used to prepare a metal-matrix composite layer on the surface of substrate. In LMI process, the laser beam melts the surface layer of substrate locally while simultaneously injecting particles of additional material. In order to control the distribution of reinforcement particles in LMI layer, an electric-magnetic composite field can be applied. The effect of electric-magnetic synergistic on the reinforcement particles distribution in LMI was investigated using experimental and numerical method. The spherical WC particles were used because their regular shape was most close to the simulation conditions and good tracer performance in the melt flow. The distribution of WC particles in longitudinal section was observed by SEM and calculated by computer graphics processing. The trajectory of WC particles in the melt pool was simulated by a 2D model coupled the equations of heat transfer, fluid dynamics, drag force, Lorentz force and phase transition. The simulation results were compared with experimental data and were in good agreement. The results indicated that the effect of electric-magnetic synergistic on the reinforcement particles distribution was verified. The distribution of WC particles in LMI-layer was influenced by the direction of Lorentz force induced by electric-magnetic composite field. When the Lorentz force and gravity force are in the same direction, the vast majority of particles are trapped in the upper region of LMI-layer, and when these forces are in the opposite direction, most particles are concentrated in the lower region. 34 Ref., 8 Figures.

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Section: Scientific and Technicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electric-magnetic composite field on WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Wang¹,

Hu²,

Song³

et al. 2016

The Paton Welding J.

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“…Gatzen employed a low-frequency coaxial alternating magnetic field to enhance the material mixing in the weld pool of WFLBW. A more homogeneous distribution of Si from the filler wire in the resultant weld was obtained because of the electromagnetic stirring [8]. The magnetic field also showed beneficial effects on the improvement of microstructure, for example refinement of grain structure in the laser + arc hybrid welding of austenitic steel steel [9] and suppression of brittle intermetallic compounds in the laser welding of steel to Aluminium [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical assessment of weld pool behavior and final microstructure in wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring

Meng

Bachmann

Artinov

et al. 2019

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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Advantages such as element homogenization and grain refinement can be realized by introducing electromagnetic stirring into laser beam welding. However, the involved weld pool behavior and its direct role on determining the final microstructure have not been revealed quantitatively. In this paper, a 3D transient heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with element transport and magnetic induction is developed for wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring. The magnetohydrodynamics, temperature profile, velocity field, keyhole evolution and element distribution are calculated and analyzed. The model is well tested against the experimental results. It is suggested that a significant electromagnetic stirring can be produced in the weld pool by the induced Lorentz force under suitable electromagnetic parameters, and it shows important influences on the thermal fluid flow and the solidification parameter. The forward and downward flow along the longitudinal plane of the weld pool is enhanced, which can bring the additional filler wire material to the root of the weld pool. The integrated thermal and mechanical impacts of electromagnetic stirring on grain refinement which is confirmed experimentally by electron backscatter diffraction analysis are decoupled using the calculated solidification parameters and a criterion of dendrite fragmentation.

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“…The additional Si from the filler wire was well mixed in the molten pool under the induced electromagnetic stirring (EMS). 7 Although the beneficial effect of the magnetic field on the LBW has been identified experimentally, the involved physical mechanism is still not clear due to the absence of the quantitative temperature and velocity data of the molten pool. It can be ascribed to two aspects: first, the molten pool is covered by bright metal vapor during LBW and the liquid metal is nontransparent, which makes the experimental measurement difficult and second, the flowing liquid metal in the molten pool has highly multicoupled and nonlinear interactions with the magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of influence of electromagnetic stirring on transport phenomena in wire feed laser beam welding

Meng

Artinov

Bachmann

et al. 2020

Journal of Laser Applications

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The additional element from the filler wire in the laser beam welding is usually distributed inhomogeneously in the final weld due to the high solidification rate of weld pool. It has been found that the electromagnetic stirring produced by an external oscillating magnetic field can enhance the material mixing in the weld pool to achieve a more uniform element distribution. However, the magnetic field has a highly nonlinear and multicoupled interaction with the weld pool behavior, which makes the quantitative explanation of the physical mechanism difficult. In this study, the effect of electromagnetic stirring on the transport phenomena in the wire feed laser beam welding is investigated by a numerical modeling. A 3D transient multiphysical model considering the magnetohydrodynamics, heat transfer, fluid flow, keyhole dynamics, and element transport is developed. The multiple reflections and the Fresnel absorption of the laser on the keyhole wall are calculated using the ray tracing method. The numerical results show that a Lorentz force produced by the oscillating magnetic field and its induced eddy current gives significant influence on the transport phenomena in the molten pool. The forward and downward flow is enhanced by the electromagnetic stirring, which homogenizes the distribution of the additional elements from a nickel-based filler wire in a steel weld pool. The numerical results show a good agreement with the high-speed images of the molten pool, the fusion line from the optical micrograph, and the element distribution from the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. This work provides a physical base for the electromagnetic-controlled laser beam welding and some guidance for the selection of electromagnetic parameters.

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Influence of Low-frequency Magnetic Fields During Laser Beam Welding of Aluminium with Filler Wire

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of electric-magnetic composite field on WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Influence of electric-magnetic composite field on WC particles distribution in laser melt injection

Experimental and numerical assessment of weld pool behavior and final microstructure in wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring

Theoretical study of influence of electromagnetic stirring on transport phenomena in wire feed laser beam welding

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